Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria

Umaru Buba Wakil; A. B. Haruna; Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita; Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla; Mohammed Umar Kumai

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23

Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria

Umaru Buba Wakil, A. B. Haruna, Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita, Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, Mohammed Umar Kumai

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 12 October 2014 Accepted: 29 October 2014 Published: 10 November 2014

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Abstract

This study was conducted on the examinations of the stomach contents of two commercially important fish species of Catfish and Tilapia fish (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) known as “Tarwada” and “Karfasa” in Hausa language, determined from Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria, using frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods between June to December, 2013. Gill nets and Malian traps were used to catch the fish every fortnight. Three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species obtained and their stomach contents examined. The results obtained expressed in mean percentage indicated that out of the three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species examined, 121 (35%) fish had an empty stomach contents in Clarias gariepinus, and out of the 350 samples examined, 145 fish had an empty stomach content in Oreochromis niloticus representing 41%. The stomach contents of Clarias gariepinus consisted of animal and plant materials, planktons, (zooplanktons and phytoplankton) and others. Fish prey was the dominant animal material (51%) with mean contribution of 32% by volume, and plant material consisted of leaves and offal (6% by volume). The stomach content of Oreochromis niloticus consisted mainly of animal and plant materials, planktons and detritus. Algae represented by Chlorella, Volvox, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, and Spirogyra species accounted for 66% by volume followed by detritus and mud with 20 %, zooplankton represented by Daphnia and Moina species represented the low food content by volume with 8 %. The study reveals the importance of algae, fish, insects and plant materials as food for fish in Lake Alau, and zooplanktons form important items in the diet of the species examined. Both species are omnivorous and occupy the same ecological niche; hence, there is the need to control pollution into the lake to prevent eutrophication.

Published in	Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23
Page(s)	405-409
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clarias Gariepinus, Frequency Analysis, Oreochromis Niloticus, Stomach Contents, Volumetric Analysis, Lake Alau

References

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[4]	Burton, M.N. The Biology of Clarias gariepinus (Buchell, 1822) in lake, sibaya,kwazulu with emphasis on the role as the predator. Unpublished, Department of Zoology Institution for Freshwater Studies, Rhodes University. 1994.
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[7]	Dadebo E. “Reproductive Biology and feeding habits of the catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell (pices: clariidae) in lake Awassa, Ethiopia” SINET. Ethiop. J.Sci.23:231-246. 2000.
[8]	Dadebo E. “Filter feeding habits of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus” Burchell, 1822 (pises: Clariidae) in Lake Chamo, Ethiopia. Ethiopia. J. Biol. Sci. 8(1):15-30. 2009.
[9]	David DL. Edward A, Adass PA, Jesse C. “Some aspect of water quality and the Biology of Clarias gariepinus in Vimtim Stream, Mubi Adamawa state, Nigeria.” World J. fish mar. Sci. 2(2):129-133. 2010.
[10]	EL Gamal Ael-R Ismail NM. “Food composition and feeding habit of some fresh water of fishes in various water systems at Abbassa, Egypt, with special reference to snail transmitting diseases.” J. Egypt. Soc. Paracitol. 35(2):637-52. 2005.
[11]	Getabu A. “A comparative study on the feeding habits of Oreochromis niloticus in Nyanza Gulf, Lake Victoria and sewage ponds”, In: proceeding of the second EEC Regional seminar on Recant Trend of Research on Lake Victoria Fisheries, Kisumu, Kenya, 25-27 September 1992 (Eds. Okemwa E. Wakwabi E and GETABU A). ICIPE, press, Nairobi, Kenya. 1994.
[12]	Gwana, Adamu Mohammed; Mshelia, Ngita Hassan; Abdullahi, Mumin Mai; Auwal, Mohammed Shu’aibu; Bagudu, Buhari Yawuri; Mala, B. Mohammed, Abdullahi, Hala Mai; Sadiq, Aji Bukar. “Effects of Domestic Wastes on Water from Shallow – Wells in Moduganari, Nigeria.” International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis. Vol. 2, No. 4, 2014, pp. 185-190. doi: 10.11648/ijema. 20140204.11
[13]	Hynes, H.B.N. “The food of water stickle backs (Gastrotesteus aculatus and pygosteus pungitus) with a review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes.” J. Eco, 19:36-58. 1950.
[14]	Munro. “African Inland water fisheries and environmental processing of fishes” Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Pp. 74. 2001.
[15]	Njiru, M; Okeyo-Owuor, J.B; Muchiri, M; Cowx, I.G. “Shift in the food of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Lake Victoria, kenya,” Afr. J. Ecol. 42: 163-170. 2004.
[16]	O’Brien WJ. “Planktivoury by fish”; thrust and parry in pelagia.Pp 3-16. In: predation and indirect effect on aquatic communities W.C. kerfoot & ASih (eds), University press of new England, Hanover Pp. p.480. 1987.
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Umaru Buba Wakil, A. B. Haruna, Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita, Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, et al. (2014). Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 3(5), 405-409. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23

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ACS Style

Umaru Buba Wakil; A. B. Haruna; Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita; Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, et al. Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Agric. For. Fish. 2014, 3(5), 405-409. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23

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Umaru Buba Wakil, A. B. Haruna, Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita, Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, et al. Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Agric For Fish. 2014;3(5):405-409. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23,
  author = {Umaru Buba Wakil and A. B. Haruna and Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita and Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla and Mohammed Umar Kumai},
  title = {Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {405-409},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20140305.23},
  abstract = {This study was conducted on the examinations of the stomach contents of two commercially important fish species of Catfish and Tilapia fish  (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) known as “Tarwada” and “Karfasa” in Hausa language, determined from Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria, using frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods between June to December, 2013. Gill nets and Malian traps were used to catch the fish every fortnight. Three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species obtained and their stomach contents examined. The results obtained expressed in mean percentage indicated that out of the three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species examined, 121 (35%) fish had an empty stomach contents in Clarias gariepinus, and out of the 350 samples examined, 145 fish had an empty stomach content in Oreochromis niloticus representing 41%. The stomach contents of Clarias gariepinus consisted of animal and plant materials, planktons, (zooplanktons and phytoplankton) and others. Fish prey was the dominant animal material (51%) with mean contribution of 32% by volume, and plant material consisted of leaves and offal (6% by volume). The stomach content of Oreochromis niloticus consisted mainly of animal and plant materials, planktons and detritus. Algae represented by Chlorella, Volvox, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, and Spirogyra species accounted for 66% by volume followed by detritus and mud with 20 %, zooplankton represented by Daphnia and Moina species represented the low food content by volume with 8 %. The study reveals the importance of algae, fish, insects and plant materials as food for fish in Lake Alau, and zooplanktons form important items in the diet of the species examined. Both species are omnivorous and occupy the same ecological niche; hence, there is the need to control pollution into the lake to prevent eutrophication.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Umaru Buba Wakil
AU  - A. B. Haruna
AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
AU  - Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita
AU  - Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla
AU  - Mohammed Umar Kumai
Y1  - 2014/11/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 405
EP  - 409
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23
AB  - This study was conducted on the examinations of the stomach contents of two commercially important fish species of Catfish and Tilapia fish  (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) known as “Tarwada” and “Karfasa” in Hausa language, determined from Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria, using frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods between June to December, 2013. Gill nets and Malian traps were used to catch the fish every fortnight. Three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species obtained and their stomach contents examined. The results obtained expressed in mean percentage indicated that out of the three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species examined, 121 (35%) fish had an empty stomach contents in Clarias gariepinus, and out of the 350 samples examined, 145 fish had an empty stomach content in Oreochromis niloticus representing 41%. The stomach contents of Clarias gariepinus consisted of animal and plant materials, planktons, (zooplanktons and phytoplankton) and others. Fish prey was the dominant animal material (51%) with mean contribution of 32% by volume, and plant material consisted of leaves and offal (6% by volume). The stomach content of Oreochromis niloticus consisted mainly of animal and plant materials, planktons and detritus. Algae represented by Chlorella, Volvox, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, and Spirogyra species accounted for 66% by volume followed by detritus and mud with 20 %, zooplankton represented by Daphnia and Moina species represented the low food content by volume with 8 %. The study reveals the importance of algae, fish, insects and plant materials as food for fish in Lake Alau, and zooplanktons form important items in the diet of the species examined. Both species are omnivorous and occupy the same ecological niche; hence, there is the need to control pollution into the lake to prevent eutrophication.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Umaru Buba Wakil

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Unimaid, Nigeria
A. B. Haruna

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, Eyimgba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Gwana Adamu Mohammed

Laboratory Unit, Department of Animal Health and Production, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Unimaid, Nigeria
Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unimaid, Nigeria
Mohammed Umar Kumai

Department of Agricultural Technology, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Umaru Buba Wakil, A. B. Haruna, Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita, Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, et al. (2014). Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 3(5), 405-409. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23

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Umaru Buba Wakil; A. B. Haruna; Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita; Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, et al. Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Agric. For. Fish. 2014, 3(5), 405-409. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23

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AMA Style

Umaru Buba Wakil, A. B. Haruna, Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita, Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla, et al. Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Agric For Fish. 2014;3(5):405-409. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23,
  author = {Umaru Buba Wakil and A. B. Haruna and Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita and Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla and Mohammed Umar Kumai},
  title = {Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {405-409},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20140305.23},
  abstract = {This study was conducted on the examinations of the stomach contents of two commercially important fish species of Catfish and Tilapia fish  (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) known as “Tarwada” and “Karfasa” in Hausa language, determined from Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria, using frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods between June to December, 2013. Gill nets and Malian traps were used to catch the fish every fortnight. Three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species obtained and their stomach contents examined. The results obtained expressed in mean percentage indicated that out of the three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species examined, 121 (35%) fish had an empty stomach contents in Clarias gariepinus, and out of the 350 samples examined, 145 fish had an empty stomach content in Oreochromis niloticus representing 41%. The stomach contents of Clarias gariepinus consisted of animal and plant materials, planktons, (zooplanktons and phytoplankton) and others. Fish prey was the dominant animal material (51%) with mean contribution of 32% by volume, and plant material consisted of leaves and offal (6% by volume). The stomach content of Oreochromis niloticus consisted mainly of animal and plant materials, planktons and detritus. Algae represented by Chlorella, Volvox, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, and Spirogyra species accounted for 66% by volume followed by detritus and mud with 20 %, zooplankton represented by Daphnia and Moina species represented the low food content by volume with 8 %. The study reveals the importance of algae, fish, insects and plant materials as food for fish in Lake Alau, and zooplanktons form important items in the diet of the species examined. Both species are omnivorous and occupy the same ecological niche; hence, there is the need to control pollution into the lake to prevent eutrophication.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Examinations of the Stomach Contents of Two Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus) in Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Umaru Buba Wakil
AU  - A. B. Haruna
AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
AU  - Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita
AU  - Bukar-Kolo M. Yachilla
AU  - Mohammed Umar Kumai
Y1  - 2014/11/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 405
EP  - 409
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140305.23
AB  - This study was conducted on the examinations of the stomach contents of two commercially important fish species of Catfish and Tilapia fish  (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) known as “Tarwada” and “Karfasa” in Hausa language, determined from Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria, using frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods between June to December, 2013. Gill nets and Malian traps were used to catch the fish every fortnight. Three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species obtained and their stomach contents examined. The results obtained expressed in mean percentage indicated that out of the three hundred and fifty (350) individual fish of each species examined, 121 (35%) fish had an empty stomach contents in Clarias gariepinus, and out of the 350 samples examined, 145 fish had an empty stomach content in Oreochromis niloticus representing 41%. The stomach contents of Clarias gariepinus consisted of animal and plant materials, planktons, (zooplanktons and phytoplankton) and others. Fish prey was the dominant animal material (51%) with mean contribution of 32% by volume, and plant material consisted of leaves and offal (6% by volume). The stomach content of Oreochromis niloticus consisted mainly of animal and plant materials, planktons and detritus. Algae represented by Chlorella, Volvox, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, and Spirogyra species accounted for 66% by volume followed by detritus and mud with 20 %, zooplankton represented by Daphnia and Moina species represented the low food content by volume with 8 %. The study reveals the importance of algae, fish, insects and plant materials as food for fish in Lake Alau, and zooplanktons form important items in the diet of the species examined. Both species are omnivorous and occupy the same ecological niche; hence, there is the need to control pollution into the lake to prevent eutrophication.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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