Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety

Aleksandr Shafirkin; Yury Grigoriev

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16

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Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety

Aleksandr Shafirkin, Yury Grigoriev

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1-2)

Received: 10 December 2014 Accepted: 13 December 2014 Published: 27 December 2014

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Abstract

This paper presents results of radiobiological experiments, a new concept of radiation hazard on the basis of a generalized dosimetric function, which are foundation of crew radiation risk for Mars mission. The results of 14-year biological experiment on comprehensive clinico-physiological study of 250 dogs exposure to gamma-radiation 60Co during 3 and 6 years 22 hours per day, modeling the impact of space radiation on the crew of a space shuttle flight to Mars are presented also. In this experiment dose and dose rate varied to simulate galactic cosmic ray (GCR) dose and dose from stochastic irradiation caused by solar cosmic rays (SCR). It details observations made on the animals throughout the course of the dogs’ lives, both during and eight years after radiation exposure. It includes data on dose dependence, threshold levels of radiation causing adverse health effects, as well as on the nature of radiation reactions as they develop in different organs and body systems chronically exposed to larger doses. This multi-year experiment was conducted by scientists of the State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems (Russian Academy of Sciences) with the active participation of the Institute of Biophysics (now Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency). Based on results obtained in this study and in experiments realized with big amount of small laboratory animals that were exposed to a wide dose and dose rate range, using other published data, mathematical models were developed, e.g. a model of radiation damage forming as dependent on time with taking into account recovery processes, and model of radiation mortality rate of mammals. Based on these models and analysis of radiation environment behind various shielding on the route to Mars, crew radiation risk was calculated for space missions of various duration. Total radiation risk values for cosmonauts lifetime after the missions were also estimated together with expected life span reduction.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1-2) This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Flight Factors: From Cell to Body
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16
Page(s)	32-42
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Effects of Chronic and Acute Irradiation, Mathematical Models of Radiation Damage, Life Span Reduction, Radiation Risk for Cosmonauts Lifetime

References

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APA Style

Aleksandr Shafirkin, Yury Grigoriev. (2014). Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(1-2), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16

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ACS Style

Aleksandr Shafirkin; Yury Grigoriev. Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety. Am. J. Life Sci. 2014, 3(1-2), 32-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16

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AMA Style

Aleksandr Shafirkin, Yury Grigoriev. Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety. Am J Life Sci. 2014;3(1-2):32-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16,
  author = {Aleksandr Shafirkin and Yury Grigoriev},
  title = {Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {32-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.s.2015030102.16},
  abstract = {This paper presents results of radiobiological experiments, a new concept of radiation hazard on the basis of a generalized dosimetric function, which are foundation of crew radiation risk for Mars mission. The results of 14-year biological experiment on comprehensive clinico-physiological study of 250 dogs exposure to gamma-radiation 60Co during 3 and 6 years 22 hours per day, modeling the impact of space radiation on the crew of a space shuttle flight to Mars are presented also. In this experiment dose and dose rate varied to simulate galactic cosmic ray (GCR) dose and dose from stochastic irradiation caused by solar cosmic rays (SCR). It details observations made on the animals throughout the course of the dogs’ lives, both during and eight years after radiation exposure. It includes data on dose dependence, threshold levels of radiation causing adverse health effects, as well as on the nature of radiation reactions as they develop in different organs and body systems chronically exposed to larger doses. This multi-year experiment was conducted by scientists of the State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems (Russian Academy of Sciences) with the active participation of the Institute of Biophysics (now Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency). Based on results obtained in this study and in experiments realized with big amount of small laboratory animals that were exposed to a wide dose and dose rate range, using other published data, mathematical models were developed, e.g. a model of radiation damage forming as dependent on time with taking into account recovery processes, and model of radiation mortality rate of mammals. Based on these models and analysis of radiation environment behind various shielding on the route to Mars, crew radiation risk was calculated for space missions of various duration. Total radiation risk values for cosmonauts lifetime after the missions were also estimated together with expected life span reduction.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety
AU  - Aleksandr Shafirkin
AU  - Yury Grigoriev
Y1  - 2014/12/27
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 32
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16
AB  - This paper presents results of radiobiological experiments, a new concept of radiation hazard on the basis of a generalized dosimetric function, which are foundation of crew radiation risk for Mars mission. The results of 14-year biological experiment on comprehensive clinico-physiological study of 250 dogs exposure to gamma-radiation 60Co during 3 and 6 years 22 hours per day, modeling the impact of space radiation on the crew of a space shuttle flight to Mars are presented also. In this experiment dose and dose rate varied to simulate galactic cosmic ray (GCR) dose and dose from stochastic irradiation caused by solar cosmic rays (SCR). It details observations made on the animals throughout the course of the dogs’ lives, both during and eight years after radiation exposure. It includes data on dose dependence, threshold levels of radiation causing adverse health effects, as well as on the nature of radiation reactions as they develop in different organs and body systems chronically exposed to larger doses. This multi-year experiment was conducted by scientists of the State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems (Russian Academy of Sciences) with the active participation of the Institute of Biophysics (now Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency). Based on results obtained in this study and in experiments realized with big amount of small laboratory animals that were exposed to a wide dose and dose rate range, using other published data, mathematical models were developed, e.g. a model of radiation damage forming as dependent on time with taking into account recovery processes, and model of radiation mortality rate of mammals. Based on these models and analysis of radiation environment behind various shielding on the route to Mars, crew radiation risk was calculated for space missions of various duration. Total radiation risk values for cosmonauts lifetime after the missions were also estimated together with expected life span reduction.
VL  - 3
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Author Information

Aleksandr Shafirkin

Lab. of the Space Flights Radiation Safety of State Research Center - Institute for biomedical problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Yury Grigoriev

Lab. of the Electromagnetic Safety of State Research Center – Federal medical biophysical Burnazian centre, Moscow, Russia

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APA Style

Aleksandr Shafirkin, Yury Grigoriev. (2014). Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(1-2), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16

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ACS Style

Aleksandr Shafirkin; Yury Grigoriev. Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety. Am. J. Life Sci. 2014, 3(1-2), 32-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16

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AMA Style

Aleksandr Shafirkin, Yury Grigoriev. Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety. Am J Life Sci. 2014;3(1-2):32-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16,
  author = {Aleksandr Shafirkin and Yury Grigoriev},
  title = {Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {32-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.s.2015030102.16},
  abstract = {This paper presents results of radiobiological experiments, a new concept of radiation hazard on the basis of a generalized dosimetric function, which are foundation of crew radiation risk for Mars mission. The results of 14-year biological experiment on comprehensive clinico-physiological study of 250 dogs exposure to gamma-radiation 60Co during 3 and 6 years 22 hours per day, modeling the impact of space radiation on the crew of a space shuttle flight to Mars are presented also. In this experiment dose and dose rate varied to simulate galactic cosmic ray (GCR) dose and dose from stochastic irradiation caused by solar cosmic rays (SCR). It details observations made on the animals throughout the course of the dogs’ lives, both during and eight years after radiation exposure. It includes data on dose dependence, threshold levels of radiation causing adverse health effects, as well as on the nature of radiation reactions as they develop in different organs and body systems chronically exposed to larger doses. This multi-year experiment was conducted by scientists of the State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems (Russian Academy of Sciences) with the active participation of the Institute of Biophysics (now Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency). Based on results obtained in this study and in experiments realized with big amount of small laboratory animals that were exposed to a wide dose and dose rate range, using other published data, mathematical models were developed, e.g. a model of radiation damage forming as dependent on time with taking into account recovery processes, and model of radiation mortality rate of mammals. Based on these models and analysis of radiation environment behind various shielding on the route to Mars, crew radiation risk was calculated for space missions of various duration. Total radiation risk values for cosmonauts lifetime after the missions were also estimated together with expected life span reduction.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Radiobiological Foundation of Crew Radiation Risk for Mars Mission to the Problem of the Space Flight Safety
AU  - Aleksandr Shafirkin
AU  - Yury Grigoriev
Y1  - 2014/12/27
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 32
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030102.16
AB  - This paper presents results of radiobiological experiments, a new concept of radiation hazard on the basis of a generalized dosimetric function, which are foundation of crew radiation risk for Mars mission. The results of 14-year biological experiment on comprehensive clinico-physiological study of 250 dogs exposure to gamma-radiation 60Co during 3 and 6 years 22 hours per day, modeling the impact of space radiation on the crew of a space shuttle flight to Mars are presented also. In this experiment dose and dose rate varied to simulate galactic cosmic ray (GCR) dose and dose from stochastic irradiation caused by solar cosmic rays (SCR). It details observations made on the animals throughout the course of the dogs’ lives, both during and eight years after radiation exposure. It includes data on dose dependence, threshold levels of radiation causing adverse health effects, as well as on the nature of radiation reactions as they develop in different organs and body systems chronically exposed to larger doses. This multi-year experiment was conducted by scientists of the State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems (Russian Academy of Sciences) with the active participation of the Institute of Biophysics (now Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency). Based on results obtained in this study and in experiments realized with big amount of small laboratory animals that were exposed to a wide dose and dose rate range, using other published data, mathematical models were developed, e.g. a model of radiation damage forming as dependent on time with taking into account recovery processes, and model of radiation mortality rate of mammals. Based on these models and analysis of radiation environment behind various shielding on the route to Mars, crew radiation risk was calculated for space missions of various duration. Total radiation risk values for cosmonauts lifetime after the missions were also estimated together with expected life span reduction.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1-2
ER  -

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