The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration

Xian Chaofan; Wang Liyan; Lu Fei; Zheng Hua; Ouyang Zhiyun

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11

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The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration

Xian Chaofan, Wang Liyan, Lu Fei, Zheng Hua, Ouyang Zhiyun

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 21 May 2018 Accepted: 7 July 2018 Published: 6 August 2018

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Abstract

The rapid development of urbanization, resulting in direct and indirect emissions of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen to environment during nitrogen consumption, had brought the huge ecological pressure and serious environmentally pollution. Took a typical China’s urban agglomeration (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration) as example, this study constructed quantitative analysis of reactive nitrogen emissions and an evaluation index for annual reactive nitrogen removal efficiency of this region by employing data envelopment analysis. After that, this study attempted to put forward reactive nitrogen reduction countermeasures based on ‘N offset’ mechanism for the collaborative development. The results showed that, during urbanization from 2004-2014, the total reactive nitrogen emissions by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration presented slightly decreased with fluctuation. Hebei province was the main contributor to nitrogen emission, occupying 79-84% and 74-79% of nitrogen loss to atmosphere and hydrosphere. The main sources of regional emissions were agricultural activities primarily, and then turned to industrial activities and residential livelihood. The differences existed in the impacts of urbanization on reactive nitrogen emission intensity of each region. The annual emission intensity of this agglomeration was 5.8 t N/km2. Beijing city owned the highest of emission reduction efficiency. The reduction in the emissions intensity of Hebei province and the improvement in emission reduction efficiency of Tianjin city were supposed to be the keys for overall low-nitrogen urbanization within agglomeration. The nitrogen-reduction countermeasures accompanied by corresponding pecuniary compensation, basing on collaborative ‘N offset’ mechanism, would contribute to the reciprocity among Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration towards sustainable development.

Published in	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11
Page(s)	5-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Urbanization, Reactive Nitrogen, Data Envelopment Analysis, Nitrogen Offset, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Agglomeration

References

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APA Style

Xian Chaofan, Wang Liyan, Lu Fei, Zheng Hua, Ouyang Zhiyun. (2018). The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 3(2), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11

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ACS Style

Xian Chaofan; Wang Liyan; Lu Fei; Zheng Hua; Ouyang Zhiyun. The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2018, 3(2), 5-15. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11

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AMA Style

Xian Chaofan, Wang Liyan, Lu Fei, Zheng Hua, Ouyang Zhiyun. The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration. Ecol Evol Biol. 2018;3(2):5-15. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11

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@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11,
  author = {Xian Chaofan and Wang Liyan and Lu Fei and Zheng Hua and Ouyang Zhiyun},
  title = {The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {5-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20180302.11},
  abstract = {The rapid development of urbanization, resulting in direct and indirect emissions of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen to environment during nitrogen consumption, had brought the huge ecological pressure and serious environmentally pollution. Took a typical China’s urban agglomeration (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration) as example, this study constructed quantitative analysis of reactive nitrogen emissions and an evaluation index for annual reactive nitrogen removal efficiency of this region by employing data envelopment analysis. After that, this study attempted to put forward reactive nitrogen reduction countermeasures based on ‘N offset’ mechanism for the collaborative development. The results showed that, during urbanization from 2004-2014, the total reactive nitrogen emissions by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration presented slightly decreased with fluctuation. Hebei province was the main contributor to nitrogen emission, occupying 79-84% and 74-79% of nitrogen loss to atmosphere and hydrosphere. The main sources of regional emissions were agricultural activities primarily, and then turned to industrial activities and residential livelihood. The differences existed in the impacts of urbanization on reactive nitrogen emission intensity of each region. The annual emission intensity of this agglomeration was 5.8 t N/km2. Beijing city owned the highest of emission reduction efficiency. The reduction in the emissions intensity of Hebei province and the improvement in emission reduction efficiency of Tianjin city were supposed to be the keys for overall low-nitrogen urbanization within agglomeration. The nitrogen-reduction countermeasures accompanied by corresponding pecuniary compensation, basing on collaborative ‘N offset’ mechanism, would contribute to the reciprocity among Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration towards sustainable development.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration
AU  - Xian Chaofan
AU  - Wang Liyan
AU  - Lu Fei
AU  - Zheng Hua
AU  - Ouyang Zhiyun
Y1  - 2018/08/06
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11
T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP  - 5
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3762
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11
AB  - The rapid development of urbanization, resulting in direct and indirect emissions of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen to environment during nitrogen consumption, had brought the huge ecological pressure and serious environmentally pollution. Took a typical China’s urban agglomeration (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration) as example, this study constructed quantitative analysis of reactive nitrogen emissions and an evaluation index for annual reactive nitrogen removal efficiency of this region by employing data envelopment analysis. After that, this study attempted to put forward reactive nitrogen reduction countermeasures based on ‘N offset’ mechanism for the collaborative development. The results showed that, during urbanization from 2004-2014, the total reactive nitrogen emissions by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration presented slightly decreased with fluctuation. Hebei province was the main contributor to nitrogen emission, occupying 79-84% and 74-79% of nitrogen loss to atmosphere and hydrosphere. The main sources of regional emissions were agricultural activities primarily, and then turned to industrial activities and residential livelihood. The differences existed in the impacts of urbanization on reactive nitrogen emission intensity of each region. The annual emission intensity of this agglomeration was 5.8 t N/km2. Beijing city owned the highest of emission reduction efficiency. The reduction in the emissions intensity of Hebei province and the improvement in emission reduction efficiency of Tianjin city were supposed to be the keys for overall low-nitrogen urbanization within agglomeration. The nitrogen-reduction countermeasures accompanied by corresponding pecuniary compensation, basing on collaborative ‘N offset’ mechanism, would contribute to the reciprocity among Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration towards sustainable development.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Xian Chaofan

State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Wang Liyan

State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Lu Fei

State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Zheng Hua

State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Ouyang Zhiyun

State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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Xian Chaofan, Wang Liyan, Lu Fei, Zheng Hua, Ouyang Zhiyun. (2018). The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 3(2), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11

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ACS Style

Xian Chaofan; Wang Liyan; Lu Fei; Zheng Hua; Ouyang Zhiyun. The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2018, 3(2), 5-15. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11

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AMA Style

Xian Chaofan, Wang Liyan, Lu Fei, Zheng Hua, Ouyang Zhiyun. The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration. Ecol Evol Biol. 2018;3(2):5-15. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11,
  author = {Xian Chaofan and Wang Liyan and Lu Fei and Zheng Hua and Ouyang Zhiyun},
  title = {The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {5-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20180302.11},
  abstract = {The rapid development of urbanization, resulting in direct and indirect emissions of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen to environment during nitrogen consumption, had brought the huge ecological pressure and serious environmentally pollution. Took a typical China’s urban agglomeration (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration) as example, this study constructed quantitative analysis of reactive nitrogen emissions and an evaluation index for annual reactive nitrogen removal efficiency of this region by employing data envelopment analysis. After that, this study attempted to put forward reactive nitrogen reduction countermeasures based on ‘N offset’ mechanism for the collaborative development. The results showed that, during urbanization from 2004-2014, the total reactive nitrogen emissions by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration presented slightly decreased with fluctuation. Hebei province was the main contributor to nitrogen emission, occupying 79-84% and 74-79% of nitrogen loss to atmosphere and hydrosphere. The main sources of regional emissions were agricultural activities primarily, and then turned to industrial activities and residential livelihood. The differences existed in the impacts of urbanization on reactive nitrogen emission intensity of each region. The annual emission intensity of this agglomeration was 5.8 t N/km2. Beijing city owned the highest of emission reduction efficiency. The reduction in the emissions intensity of Hebei province and the improvement in emission reduction efficiency of Tianjin city were supposed to be the keys for overall low-nitrogen urbanization within agglomeration. The nitrogen-reduction countermeasures accompanied by corresponding pecuniary compensation, basing on collaborative ‘N offset’ mechanism, would contribute to the reciprocity among Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration towards sustainable development.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Applications of ‘N Offset’ Mechanism in the Evaluation of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Reduction in a Typical China’s Urban Agglomeration
AU  - Xian Chaofan
AU  - Wang Liyan
AU  - Lu Fei
AU  - Zheng Hua
AU  - Ouyang Zhiyun
Y1  - 2018/08/06
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11
T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP  - 5
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3762
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180302.11
AB  - The rapid development of urbanization, resulting in direct and indirect emissions of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen to environment during nitrogen consumption, had brought the huge ecological pressure and serious environmentally pollution. Took a typical China’s urban agglomeration (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration) as example, this study constructed quantitative analysis of reactive nitrogen emissions and an evaluation index for annual reactive nitrogen removal efficiency of this region by employing data envelopment analysis. After that, this study attempted to put forward reactive nitrogen reduction countermeasures based on ‘N offset’ mechanism for the collaborative development. The results showed that, during urbanization from 2004-2014, the total reactive nitrogen emissions by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration presented slightly decreased with fluctuation. Hebei province was the main contributor to nitrogen emission, occupying 79-84% and 74-79% of nitrogen loss to atmosphere and hydrosphere. The main sources of regional emissions were agricultural activities primarily, and then turned to industrial activities and residential livelihood. The differences existed in the impacts of urbanization on reactive nitrogen emission intensity of each region. The annual emission intensity of this agglomeration was 5.8 t N/km2. Beijing city owned the highest of emission reduction efficiency. The reduction in the emissions intensity of Hebei province and the improvement in emission reduction efficiency of Tianjin city were supposed to be the keys for overall low-nitrogen urbanization within agglomeration. The nitrogen-reduction countermeasures accompanied by corresponding pecuniary compensation, basing on collaborative ‘N offset’ mechanism, would contribute to the reciprocity among Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration towards sustainable development.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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