The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt

Rabea Radi Abdel Kader; Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12

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The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt

Rabea Radi Abdel Kader, Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed

Published in International Journal of Archaeology (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 10 July 2016 Accepted: 17 October 2016 Published: 15 April 2017

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Abstract

The Agricultural Environment has a severe effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites, it causes many deterioration phenomena to these sites, most of them are biodeterioration and the others are physio – chemical deterioration. Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center – Egypt, it belonged to 26^th dynasty, the site suffers from the agricultural environment's effect because it is very near from the fields in the area (100 meter approx. far only). The most effective factor of deterioration is the groundwater which affects badly on the deterioration of the building materials there, many microorganisms grow on lime stone carved coffins and ruins, they secret organic compounds which react with lime stone and turn it to soluble salts, the groundwater comes from the fields and contains many salts which dissolve in it and rise with the capillary system to the building materials not only this effect, but also the intensive growth of weeds in the site. This research aims to study the agricultural environment's effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites with an application on Atfiyah's Sarabium archaeological site – Giza -Egypt.

Published in	International Journal of Archaeology (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12
Page(s)	6-13
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sarabium Archaeological Site, Ground Water, Microorganisms, Limestone, Weeds and Salts

References

[1]	Mission égypto-française d’Atfih, 'Atfih, la nécropole des vaches sacrées (mission 2008), Institut d' Egyptologie Francois Daumas, Universite Paul Valery, France, 2008.
[2]	Nick A. Cutler, Heather A. Viles, Samin Ahmad, Stephen McCabe, Bernard J. Smith, Algal ‘greening’ and the conservation of stone heritage structures, Science of the Total Environment 442, (2013), P: 153.
[3]	Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed Mahgoub, ' Evaluation of Wild and Domestic Trees and Plants Hazards, their Role in the Deterioration of Archaeological Buildings Ruins, Methods of Treatment and Assessment of these Hazards Applied on a Chosen Historical Building and Site ', PhD thesis, Restoration department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Egypt, 2015/2016.

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Rabea Radi Abdel Kader, Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed. (2017). The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt. International Journal of Archaeology, 5(1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12

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Rabea Radi Abdel Kader; Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed. The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt. Int. J. Archaeol. 2017, 5(1), 6-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12

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AMA Style

Rabea Radi Abdel Kader, Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed. The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt. Int J Archaeol. 2017;5(1):6-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12,
  author = {Rabea Radi Abdel Kader and Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed},
  title = {The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt},
  journal = {International Journal of Archaeology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ija.20170501.12},
  abstract = {The Agricultural Environment has a severe effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites, it causes many deterioration phenomena to these sites, most of them are biodeterioration and the others are physio – chemical deterioration. Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center – Egypt, it belonged to 26th dynasty, the site suffers from the agricultural environment's effect because it is very near from the fields in the area (100 meter approx. far only). The most effective factor of deterioration is the groundwater which affects badly on the deterioration of the building materials there, many microorganisms grow on lime stone carved coffins and ruins, they secret organic compounds which react with lime stone and turn it to soluble salts, the groundwater comes from the fields and contains many salts which dissolve in it and rise with the capillary system to the building materials not only this effect, but also the intensive growth of weeds in the site. This research aims to study the agricultural environment's effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites with an application on Atfiyah's Sarabium archaeological site – Giza -Egypt.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt
AU  - Rabea Radi Abdel Kader
AU  - Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed
Y1  - 2017/04/15
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12
T2  - International Journal of Archaeology
JF  - International Journal of Archaeology
JO  - International Journal of Archaeology
SP  - 6
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7595
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12
AB  - The Agricultural Environment has a severe effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites, it causes many deterioration phenomena to these sites, most of them are biodeterioration and the others are physio – chemical deterioration. Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center – Egypt, it belonged to 26th dynasty, the site suffers from the agricultural environment's effect because it is very near from the fields in the area (100 meter approx. far only). The most effective factor of deterioration is the groundwater which affects badly on the deterioration of the building materials there, many microorganisms grow on lime stone carved coffins and ruins, they secret organic compounds which react with lime stone and turn it to soluble salts, the groundwater comes from the fields and contains many salts which dissolve in it and rise with the capillary system to the building materials not only this effect, but also the intensive growth of weeds in the site. This research aims to study the agricultural environment's effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites with an application on Atfiyah's Sarabium archaeological site – Giza -Egypt.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Rabea Radi Abdel Kader

Restoration Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed

Restoration Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Rabea Radi Abdel Kader, Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed. (2017). The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt. International Journal of Archaeology, 5(1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12

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ACS Style

Rabea Radi Abdel Kader; Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed. The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt. Int. J. Archaeol. 2017, 5(1), 6-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Rabea Radi Abdel Kader, Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed. The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt. Int J Archaeol. 2017;5(1):6-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12,
  author = {Rabea Radi Abdel Kader and Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed},
  title = {The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt},
  journal = {International Journal of Archaeology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ija.20170501.12},
  abstract = {The Agricultural Environment has a severe effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites, it causes many deterioration phenomena to these sites, most of them are biodeterioration and the others are physio – chemical deterioration. Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center – Egypt, it belonged to 26th dynasty, the site suffers from the agricultural environment's effect because it is very near from the fields in the area (100 meter approx. far only). The most effective factor of deterioration is the groundwater which affects badly on the deterioration of the building materials there, many microorganisms grow on lime stone carved coffins and ruins, they secret organic compounds which react with lime stone and turn it to soluble salts, the groundwater comes from the fields and contains many salts which dissolve in it and rise with the capillary system to the building materials not only this effect, but also the intensive growth of weeds in the site. This research aims to study the agricultural environment's effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites with an application on Atfiyah's Sarabium archaeological site – Giza -Egypt.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Agricultural Environment's Effect on the Deterioration of the Archaeological Sites Applied on Atfiyah's Sarabium Archaeological Site – Egypt
AU  - Rabea Radi Abdel Kader
AU  - Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed
Y1  - 2017/04/15
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12
T2  - International Journal of Archaeology
JF  - International Journal of Archaeology
JO  - International Journal of Archaeology
SP  - 6
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7595
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20170501.12
AB  - The Agricultural Environment has a severe effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites, it causes many deterioration phenomena to these sites, most of them are biodeterioration and the others are physio – chemical deterioration. Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center – Egypt, it belonged to 26th dynasty, the site suffers from the agricultural environment's effect because it is very near from the fields in the area (100 meter approx. far only). The most effective factor of deterioration is the groundwater which affects badly on the deterioration of the building materials there, many microorganisms grow on lime stone carved coffins and ruins, they secret organic compounds which react with lime stone and turn it to soluble salts, the groundwater comes from the fields and contains many salts which dissolve in it and rise with the capillary system to the building materials not only this effect, but also the intensive growth of weeds in the site. This research aims to study the agricultural environment's effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites with an application on Atfiyah's Sarabium archaeological site – Giza -Egypt.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download