The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), 2n=36, is a dioecious long-lived monocotyledonous plant, with separate male and female trees. The dioecy represents the major challenge in development of breeding programs as it is impossible to distinguish tree gander till they flower approximately five to eight years after planting. Although, during the past two decades numerous attempts to develop molecular markers can discriminate among male and female trees in date palm. But, to date, sex-differentiation mechanism is still uncertain and there is no reliable way to determine the sex of date palm plants before reproductive age across all cultivars. Here, we employed an effective three novel gene-targeting marker approaches (SCoT, CDDP and ITAP) in additions to AFLP, in an attempt to develop a novel set of reliable sex-specific PCR-based markers can helping in early gender determination in Egyptian date palm trees. A set of 26 SCoT, 21 CDDP, 18 ITAP and 14 AFLP primers/primer combinations (PCs) were applied against twelve date palm genotypes belonging to three superior Egyptian date palm cultivars to identify any sex-specific markers. Four SCoT (SCoT1, SCoT24, SCoT26 and SCoT35), two CDDP (CDDP4 and CDDP6), one ITAP (ITAP-8/1) and one AFLP (AFLP-4/1) primer/PC exhibited differential fragments/bands between males and females. These differential bands were gel extracted and cloned for subsequent sequencing analysis. Three of the sequenced bands found to be contain more than one sequence. BLAST analysis results indicated that the eleven sequences generated from different gene-targeting marker systems (SCoT, CDDP and ITAP) revealed main similarity with master transcription factors, transcriptional activators/repressors and regulatory proteins involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways, plant development and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, playing important role in different types of abiotic and biotic stresses in date palm or oil palm. We speculate that kind of similarity is not just a coincidence. Our results reveals hypothesis that sex differentiation is a complex but well-organized process that involves endogenous and exogenous factors regulate and control the changes in gene expression, physiology, metabolism and architecture of the plant. These results represent the first case-study focusing on the applications of CDDP, ITAP and SCoT techniques as a novel gene targeting markers in sex-determination in date palm. Moreover, indicate that sex-differentiation process have to be addressed at system biology level for deep and better understanding. This developed sex-specific markers expected to be helpful in distinguish the gander in date palm at earliest stages.
| Published in | Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16 |
| Page(s) | 150-161 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Date Palm, Sex-Differentiation, SCoT, CDDP, ITAP
| [1] | Wrigley, G. (1995). “Date palm. In: Smartt J, Simmonds NW (Ed) Evolution of crop plants”, 2nd edn. Longman Group, Essex, England. |
| [2] | Wellmann, A.P., Escobar, A.H., Johnson, D.V. (2007). Date palm cultivation in Chile and Peru (South America): current status and future prospects for development. Acta Hort., 736: 71-85. |
| [3] | Kurup, S.S., Hedar, Y.S., Al Dhaheri, M.A., El-Heawiety, A.Y., Aly, M.A.M., Alhadram, G. (2009). Morpho-physiological evaluation and RAPD markers-assisted characterization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties of salinity tolerance. J. Food Agric. Environ., 7: 503-507. |
| [4] | FAOstat, 2012. |
| [5] | Aberlenc-Bertossi, F., Daher, A., Chabrillange, N., Tregear, J. W., Mohamed, N. (2011). Sex determination in date palm: new perspectives on an old theme. Plant and animal genomes XIX conference, W519: sex chromosomes and sex determination, January 15–19, 2011. Town and Country Convention Center, San Diego, CA |
| [6] | Bounaga, N. (1993). Le palmier dattier: rappels biologiques et problèmes physiologiques. In: Physiologie des arbres et des arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides. Libbey Eurotext, Paris, pp 323–333. |
| [7] | Torres, A. M., Tisserat, B. (1980). Leaf isozymes as genetic marker in date palm. Amer. J. Bot., 67:162–167. |
| [8] | Majourhat, K., Bendiab, K., Medraoui, L., Baaziz, M. (2002). Diversity of leaf peroxidases in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as revealed in an example of marginal (seedling derived) palm groves. Sci. Hortic., 95: 31–38. |
| [9] | Younis, R. A., Ismail, O. M., Soliman, S. S. (2008). Identification of sex-specific DNA markers for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) using RAPD and ISSR techniques. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4: 278 – 284. |
| [10] | Ageez, A., E. A. Madboly. (2011). Identification of male specific molecular markers in date palm Sewi cultivar. Egypt. J. Genet. Cytol. 40:201-214. |
| [11] | Al-Mahmoud, M.E., Al-Dous, E.K., Al-Azwani, E.K., Malek, J.A. (2012). DNA-based assays to distinguish date palm (Arecaceae) gender. American Journal of Botany,. 99:7–10. |
| [12] | Cherif, E., et al., (2013). Male-specific DNA markers provide genetic evidence of an XY chromosome system, a recombination arrest and allow the tracing of paternal lineages in date palm. New Phytologist, 197: 409–415. |
| [13] | Adawy, S.S., Jiang, J., Atia, M.A.M. (2014). Identification of novel sex-specific PCR-Based markers to distinguish the genders in Egyptian date palm trees. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR), 4 (5), 45-54. |
| [14] | Collard, B.C., Mackill, D.J. (2009b). Conserved DNA-Derived Polymorphism (CDDP): A Simple and Novel Method for Generating DNA Markers in Plants. Plant Molecular Biology Reports, 27: 558–562. |
| [15] | Xiong, F., Liu, J., Zhong, R., Jiang, J., Han, Z., He, L., Zhong, L., Tang, X., Tang R. (2013). Intron targeted amplified polymorphism (ITAP), a new sequence related amplified polymorphism-based technique for generating molecular markers in higher plant species. Plant Omics Journal, 6(2): 128-134. |
| [16] | Vos, P., Hogers, R., Bleeker, M., Reijans, M., van de Lee, T., Hornes, M., Frijters, A., Pot, J., Peleman, J., Kuiper, M., Zabeau, M. (1995). AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research, 23(21): 4407-4414. |
| [17] | Abd El-Maksoud, M.R., Ageez, A. M. El-Khishin, D. A., Fahmy, E. M., Abdel-Tawab, F. M. (2009). Differential gene expression in response to salt stress in Vicia monantha. Egypt. J. Genet. Cytol., 38:137-152. |
| [18] | Larkin, M. A., Blackshields, G.., Brown, N. P., Chenna, R., Mc Gettigan, P. A., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I. M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Higgins, D.G. (2007). Clustal W and ClustalX version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23 (21): 2947-2948. |
| [19] | Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol., 215, 403–410. |
| [20] | Bekheet, S.A., Hanafy, M. S. (2011).Towards sex determination of date palm. Date Palm Biotechnology. New York, NY, USA: Springer. |
| [21] | Adawy, S. S., Atia, M. A. M., El-Itriby, H. A. (2015). Sex-Differentiation Based on Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 45S rDNA of Egyptian Date Palm Trees. Int. J. of Adv. Biotech. and Res., 6: 2, 144-151. |
| [22] | Eivazi, A.R., Naghavi, M.R., Hajheidari, M., Pirseyedi, S.M., Ghaffari, M.R., Mohammadi, S.A., Majidi, I., Salekdeh, G.H., Maradi, M. (2008). Assessing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic diversity using quality traits, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats and proteome analysis. Annals of Applied Biology, 152, 81–91. |
| [23] | Raji, A.A.J., Fawole, I., Gedil, M., Dixon, A.G.O. (2009). Genetic differentiation analysis of African cassava (Manihot esculenta) landraces and elite germplasm using amplified fragment length polymorphism and sample sequence repeat markers. Annals of Applied Biology, 155,187–199. |
| [24] | Poczai, P., Cern´ak, I., Gorji, A.M., Nagy, S., Taller, J., Polg´ar Z. (2010). Development of intron targeting (IT) markers for potato and cross-species amplification in Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae). American Journal of Botany, 97, e142–e145. |
| [25] | Poczai, P., Varga, I., Bell, N.E., Hyvönen, J. (2011). Genetic diversity assessment of bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara, Solanaceae) germplasm using conserved DNA-derived polymorphism and intron-targeting markers. Ann. Appl. Biol., 159:141–153. |
| [26] | Bernier, G., Périlleux, C. (2005). A physiological overview of the genetics of flowering time control. Plant Biotechnol. J., 3, 3–16 |
| [27] | Cary, A.J., Che, P., Howell, S.H. (2002). Developmental events and shoot apical meristem gene expression patterns during shoot development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J., 32, 867–877. |
| [28] | Jacqmard, A., Gadisseur, I., Bernier, G. (2003). Cell division and morphological changes in the shoot apex of Arabidopsis thaliana during floral transition. Ann. Bot., 91, 571–576. |
| [29] | Golenberg, E.M., West, N.W. (2013). Hormonal interactions and gene regulation can link monoecy and environmental plasticity to the evolution of dioecy in plants. Am. J. Bot, 100:1022–1037. |
| [30] | Santner, A., Calderon-Villalobos, L.I., Estelle, M. (2009). Plant hormones are versatile chemical regulators of plant growth. Nat. Chem. Biol.5, 301–307. |
| [31] | Wolters, H., Jurgens, G. (2009). Survival of the flexible: hormonal growth control and adaptation in plant development. Nat. Rev. Genet., 10, 305–317. |
| [32] | Santner, A., Estelle, M. (2009). Recent advances and emerging trends in plant hormone signalling. Nature, 459, 1071–1078. |
| [33] | Tohge, T., Watanabe, M., Hoefgen, R., Fernie, R.A. (2013). Shikimate and phenylalanine biosynthesis in the green lineage. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, 62:1-13. |
| [34] | Zhong, R., Ye, Z.H. (2009). Transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis. Plant Signaling & Behavior., 4, 1028–1034. |
| [35] | Zhao, Q., Dixon, R.A. (2011). Transcriptional networks for lignin biosynthesis: more complex than we thought? Trends in Plant Science, 16, 227–233. |
| [36] | Vanholme, R., Demedts, B., Morreel, K., Ralph, J., Boerjan, W. (2010). Lignin biosynthesis and structure. Plant Physiology, 153, 895–905. |
| [37] | Hoffmann, L., Besseau, S., Geoffroy, P., Ritzenthaler, C., Meyer, D., Lapierre, C., Pollet, B., Egrand, M. (2004). Silencing of hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl- transferase affects phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Plant Cell, 16:1446-1465. |
| [38] | Wang, Y.W., Wang, W.C., Jin, S.H., Wang, J., Wang, B., Hou, B.K. (2012). Over-expression of a putative poplar glycosyltransferase gene, PtGT1, in tobacco increases lignin content and causes early flowering. J. Exp. Bot., 63(7):2799–2808. |
| [39] | Shadle, G., Chen, F., Srinivasa, Reddy, M.S., Jackson, L., Nakashima, J., Dixon, R.A. (2007). Down-regulation of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in transgenic alfalfa affects lignification, development and forage quality. Phytochemistry, 68, 1521–1529. |
| [40] | Gallego-Giraldo, L., Escamilla-Trevino, L., Jackson, L. A., Dixon, R. A. (2011). Salicylic acid mediates the reduced growth of lignin down-regulated plants. PNAS, 108, 51: 20814–20819. |
| [41] | Besseau S., Hoffmann L., Geoffroy P., Lapierre C., Pollet B. and Legrand M. (2007). Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Repressed in Lignin Synthesis Affects Auxin Transport and Plant Growth. The Plant Cell, Vol. 19: 148–162. |
| [42] | Martin-Tanguy, J., Perdrizet, E., Prevost, J., Martin, C. (1982). The distribution of hydroxycinnamic acid amides in fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of maize. Phytochemistry, 21, 1939–1945. |
| [43] | Cecchetti, V., Altamura, M.M., Falasca, G., Costantino, P., Cardarelli, M. (2008). Auxin regulates Arabidopsis anther dehiscence, pollenmaturation, and filament elongation. Plant Cell, 20:1760–1774. |
| [44] | Ni, W.M., Chen, X.Y., Xu, Z.H., Xue, H.W. (2002). A Pin gene families encoding components of auxin efflux carriers in Brassica juncea. Cell Res., 12:247–255. |
| [45] | Malepszy, S., Niemirowicz-szczytt, K. (1991). Sex determination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) as a model system for molecular biology. Plant Sci., 80:39–47. |
| [46] | Chen, D., Ren, Y., Deng, Y., Zhao, J. (2010). Auxin polar transport is essential for the development of zygote and embryo in Nicotiana tabacum L. and correlated with ABP1 and PM H+ -ATPase activities. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61: 6, 1853–1867. |
| [47] | Ding, X., Cao, Y., Huang, L., Zhao, J., Xu, C., Li, X., Wang, S. (2008). Activation of the Indole-3-Acetic Acid–Amido Synthetase GH3-8 Suppresses Expansin Expression and Promotes Salicylate- and Jasmonate-Independent Basal Immunity in Rice. The Plant Cell, 20: 228–240. |
| [48] | Wrzaczek, M., Brosché, M., Salojärvi, J., Kangasjärvi, S., Idänheimo, N., Mersmann, S., Robatzek, S., Karpinski, S., Karpinska, B., Kangasjärvi, J. (2010). Transcriptional regulation of the CRK/DUF26 group of receptor like protein kinases by ozone and plant hormones in Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biol10:95. |
| [49] | Rayapuram, C., Jensen, M.K., Maiser, F., Shanir, J.V., Hornshøj, H., Rung, J.H., Gregersen, P.L., Schweizer, P., Collinge, D.B., Lyngkjær, M.F. (2012). Regulation of basal resistance by a powdery mildew-induced cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase in barley. Mol. Plant Pathol., 13:135–147. |
| [50] | Tanaka, H., Osakabe, Y., Katsura, S., Mizuno, S., Maruyama, K., Kusakabe, K., Mizoi, J., Shinozaki, K., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (2012). Abiotic stress inducible receptor-like kinases negatively control ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 70:599–613. |
| [51] | Song, J., Leung, T., Linda, K., Wang, C., Liu Z. (2000). Regulation of meristem organization and cell division by TSO1, an Arabidopsis gene with cysteine-rich repeats. Development, 127, 2207-2217. |
| [52] | Tang, W., Ezcurra, I., Muschietti, J., McCormick, S. (2002). A Cysteine-Rich Extracellular Protein, LAT52, Interacts with the Extracellular Domain of the Pollen Receptor Kinase LePRK2. The Plant Cell, 14, 2277–2287. |
| [53] | Pechanova, et al., (2010). Apoplast proteome reveals that extracellular matrix contributes to multistress response in poplar BMC Genomics, 11:674. |
| [54] | Chen, W., Provart, N.J., Glazebrook, J., Katagiri, F., Chang, H.S., Eulgem, T., Mauch, F., Luan, S., Zou, G., Whitham, S.A., et al., (2002). Expression profile matrix of Arabidopsis transcription factor genes suggests their putative functions in response to environmental stresses. Plant Cell, 14: 559–574. |
| [55] | Eulgem, T., Rushton, P.J., Robatzek, S., Somssich, I.E. (2000). The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors. Trends Plant Sci., 5:199–206. |
| [56] | Stracke, R., Werber, M., Weisshaar, B. (2001). The R2R3-MYB gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 4:447–456. |
| [57] | Nover, L., Bharti, K., Doring, P., Mishra, S.K., Ganguli, A., Scharf, K.D. (2001). Arabidopsis and the heat stress transcription factor world: How many heat stress transcription factors do we need? Cell Stress Chaperones, 6: 177–189. |
| [58] | Cheong, Y.H., Chang, H.S., Gupta, R., Wang, X., Zhu, T., Luan, S. (2002). Transcriptional profiling reveals novel interactions between wounding, pathogen, abiotic stress, and hormonal responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 129:661–677. |
| [59] | Rizhsky, L., Davletova, S., Liang, H., Mittler, R. (2004). The zinc-finger protein Zat12 is required for cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 expression during oxidative stress in Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem., 279:11736–11743. |
| [60] | Davletova, S., Rizhsky, L., Liang, H., Shengqiang, Z., Oliver, D.J., Coutu, J., Shulaev, V., Schlauch, K., Mittler, R. (2005). Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 is a central component of the reactive oxygen gene network of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 17:268–281. |
| [61] | Sakamoto, H., Maruyama, K., Sakuma, Y., Meshi, T., Iwabuchi, M., Shinozaki, K., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (2004). ArabidopsisCys2/His2-type zinc-finger proteins function as transcription repressors under drought, cold, and high-salinity stress conditions. Plant Physiol., 136, 2734 – 2746. |
| [62] | Yoo, C.Y., Pence, H.E., Jin, J.B., Miura, K., Gosney, M.J., et al., (2010) The Arabidopsis GTL1 transcription factor regulates water use efficiency and drought tolerance by modulating stomatal density via trans-repression of SDD1. Plant Cell, 22: 4128–4141. |
| [63] | Brewer, P.B., Howles, P.A., Dorian, K., Griffith, M.E., Ishida, T., Kaplan-Levy, R.N., Kilinc, A., Smyth, D.R. (2004). PETAL LOSS, a trihelix transcription factor gene, regulates perianth architecture in the Arabidopsis flower. Development, 131:4035–4045. |
| [64] | Breuer, C., Kawamura, A., Ichikawa, T., Tominaga-Wada, R., Wada, T., Kondou, Y., Muto, S., Matsui, M., Sugimoto, K. (2009). The trihelix transcription factor GTL1 regulates ploidy-dependent cell growth in the Arabidopsis trichome. Plant Cell, 21:2307–2322. |
| [65] | Xie, Z.M., Zou, H.F., Lei, G., Wei, W., Zhou, Q.Y., Niu, C.F., Liao, Y., Tian, A.G., Ma, B., Zhang, W.K., Zhang, J.S., Chen, S.Y. (2009). Soybean Trihelix transcription factors GmGT-2A and GmGT-2B improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS ONE, 4:e6898. |
| [66] | Finnegan, E.J., Peacock, W.J., Dennis, E.S. (1996). Reduced DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana results in abnormal plant development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 8449–8454. |
| [67] | Kingham, K.I., Duckett, J.G., Gazdova, B., Kovarik, A., Bezdek, M., Leitch, A.R. (1998). The role of DNA methylation on nuclear and cell differentiation in the filamentous caulonema of the moss Funaria hygrometrica. New Phytol., 138, 567–577. |
| [68] | Ronemus, M.J., Galbiati, M., Ticknor, C., Chen, J., Dellaporta, S.L. (1996) Demethylation-induced developmental pleiotropy in Arabidopsis. Science, 273, 654–657. |
| [69] | Iwase, Y., Shiraya, T., Takeno, K. (2010). Flowering and dwarfism induced by DNA demethylation in Pharbitis nil. Physiol. Plant, 139, 118–127. |
| [70] | Kidwell, M.G., Lisch, D.R. (2001). Perspective: transposable elements, parasitic DNA, and genome evolution. Evolution, 55, 1–24. |
| [71] | Bird, A. (2002). DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Genes Dev., 16, 6–21. |
| [72] | Chan, S.W.L., Henderson, I.R., Jacobsen, S.E. (2005). Gardening the genome: DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat. Rev. Genet., 6: 351−360. |
| [73] | Gehring, M., Henikoff, S. (2007). DNA methylation dynamics in plant genomes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1769: 276−286. |
| [74] | Garima, M., Meenakshi, D., Sanjay, K., Meenu, K., (2012). Role of DNA methylation in growth and differentiation in Physcomitrella patens and characterization of cytosine DNA methyltransferases. FEBS Journal, 279, 4081–4094. |
| [75] | Song, Y., Ma, K., Ci, D., Chen, Q., Tian, J., Zhang, D., (2013). Sexual dimorphic floral development in dioecious plants revealed by transcriptome, phytohormone, and DNA methylation analysis in Populus tomentosa. Plant Mol Biol., DOI 10.1007/s11103-013-0108-2. |
| [76] | Ishihama, N., Yamada, R. et al., (2011). Phosphorylation of the Nicotiana benthamiana WRKY8 transcription factor by MAPK functions in the defense response. Plant Cell, 23:1153-70. |
| [77] | Contento, A.L., Kim, S.J., Bassham, D.C. (2004). Transcriptome profiling of the response of Arabidopsis suspension culture cells to Suc starvation. Plant Physiol., 135:2330-47. |
| [78] | Manali, M., Ritika, D., Girdhar, K. P. (2009). Role of Ethylene Responsive Factors (ERFs) in Abiotic Stress Mediated Signaling in Plants. Journal of Biological Sciences, 1, Issue 1, 133-146. |
| [79] | Chuck, G., Muszynski, M., Kellogg, E., Hake, S., Schmidt, R.J. (2002). The control of spikelet meristem identity by the branched silkless1 gene in maize. Science, 298, 1238–1241. |
| [80] | Park, J.M., Park, C.J., Lee, S.B., Ham, B.K., Shin, R., Paek, K.H. (2001). Overexpression of the Tobacco Tsi1 gene encoding an EREBP/AP2 Type transcription factor enhances resistance against pathogen attack and osmotic stress in Tobacco”, The Plant Cell, 13, 1035-1046. |
| [81] | Jofuku, K.D., den Boer, B.G., Van Montagu M., Okamuro, J.K. (1994). Control of Arabidopsis flower and seed development by the homeotic gene APETALA2. Plant Cell, 6, 1211–1225. |
| [82] | McGrath, K.C., Dombrecht, B., Manners, J.M., Schenk, P.M., Edgar, C.I., Maclean, D.J., Scheible, W.R., Udvardi, M.K., Kazan, K. (2005). Repressor- and activator-type ethylene response factors functioning in jasmonate signaling and disease resistance identified via a genome-wide screen of Arabidopsis transcription factor gene expression. Plant Physiol., 139, 949-959. |
| [83] | Seo, Y. J., et al., (2010). Overexpression of the Ethylene-Responsive Factor Gene BrERF4 from Brassica rapa Increases Tolerance to Salt and Drought in Arabidopsis Plants. Mol. Cells, 30, 271-277. |
| [84] | Yang, Z., Tian, L., Latoszek-Green, M., Brown, D., Wu, K. (2005). Arabidopsis ERF4 is a transcriptional repressor capable of modulating ethylene and abscisic acid responses. Plant Molecular Biology, 58:585–596. |
| [85] | Fl¨ugge, U.I., Heldt, H.W. (1991). Metabolite translocators of the chloroplast envelope. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 42:129–44. |
| [86] | Voll, L., Häusler, R.E., Hecker, R., Weber, A., Weissenböck, G., Fiene, G., Waffenschmidt, S., Flügge, U.I. (2003). The phenotype of the Arabidopsis cue1 mutant is not simply caused by a general restriction of the shikimate pathway. Plant J., 36, 301-316. |
| [87] | Prabhakar, V., Lo¨ttgert, T., Gigolashvili, T., Bell, K., Flu¨gge, U.I., and Ha¨usler, R.E.(2009). Molecular and functional characterization of the plastid-localized phosphoenolpyruvate enolase ENO1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett., 583:983–991. |
| [88] | Niewiadomski, P., Knappe, S., Geimer, S., Fischer, K., Schulz, B., Unte, U.S., Rosso, M.G., Ache, P., Flu¨gge, U.I., Schneider, A. (2005). The Arabidopsis plastidic glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator GPT1 is essential for pollen maturation and embryo sac development. Plant Cell, 17:760–775. |
| [89] | Shi, Z., Maximova, S.N., Liu, Y., Verica, J., Guiltinan, M.J. (2010). Functional analysis of the Theobroma cacao NPR1 gene in Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biol., 10,248. |
| [90] | Maier, F., et al. (2011). NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS1 (NPR1) and some NPR1-related proteins are sensitive to salicylic acid. Mol. Plant Pathol., 12, 73–91. |
| [91] | Xiao, S., Chye, M.L. (2011). Overexpression of Arabidopsis ACBP3 enhances NPR1-dependent plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringe pv tomato DC3000. Plant Physiol., 156, 2069–2081. |
| [92] | Wang, D., Amornsiripanitch, N., Dong, X. (2006). A genomic approach to identify regulatory nodes in the transcriptional network of systemic acquired resistance in plants. PLoS Pathog., 2, e123. |
| [93] | Shi, Z., Maximova, S., Liu, Y., Verica, J., Guiltinan M.J. (2013). The Salicylic Acid Receptor NPR3 Is a Negative Regulator of the Transcriptional Defense Response during Early Flower Development in Arabidopsis. Molecular Plant, 6, 3 : 802–816. |
| [94] | Martı´nez-Silva, A.V., Aguirre-Martı´nez, C., Flores-Tinoco, C.E., Alejandri-Ramı´rez, N.D., Dinkova, T.D. (2012). Translation Initiation Factor AteIF(iso)4E Is Involved in Selective mRNA Translation in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings. PLoS ONE, 7(2): e31606. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031606. |
| [95] | Rodriguez, C.M., Freire, M.A., Camilleri, C., Robaglia, C. (1998). The Arabidopsis thaliana cDNAs coding for eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E are not functionally equivalent for yeast complementation and are differentially expressed during plant development. Plant J., 13: 465–473. |
| [96] | Bush, M.S., Hutchins, A.P., Jones, A.M., Naldrett, M.J., Jarmolowski, A., et al., (2009). Selective recruitment of proteins to 59cap complexes during the growth cycle in Arabidopsis. Plant J., 59: 400–412. |
| [97] | Dinkova, T.D., Sanchez de Jimenez, E. (1999). Differential expression and regulation of translation initiation factors -4E and -iso4E during maize germination. Physiol. Plant, 107: 419–425. |
| [98] | Dinkova, T.D., Aguilar, R., Sanchez de Jimenez, E. (2000). Expression of maize eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) iso4E is regulated at the translational level. Biochem. J., 351: 825–831. |
| [99] | Saadi, M. (1990). Amelioration genetique du palmier dattier: Criteres de selection, techniques et resultats. Options Mediterraneennes, 11: 133–134. |
APA Style
Atia A. M. Mohamed, Adawy S. Sami. (2015). Novel Set of Sex-Specific PCR-Based Markers Reveals New Hypothesis of Sex Differentiation in Date Palm. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(3), 150-161. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16
ACS Style
Atia A. M. Mohamed; Adawy S. Sami. Novel Set of Sex-Specific PCR-Based Markers Reveals New Hypothesis of Sex Differentiation in Date Palm. J. Plant Sci. 2015, 3(3), 150-161. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16
AMA Style
Atia A. M. Mohamed, Adawy S. Sami. Novel Set of Sex-Specific PCR-Based Markers Reveals New Hypothesis of Sex Differentiation in Date Palm. J Plant Sci. 2015;3(3):150-161. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16,
author = {Atia A. M. Mohamed and Adawy S. Sami},
title = {Novel Set of Sex-Specific PCR-Based Markers Reveals New Hypothesis of Sex Differentiation in Date Palm},
journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {150-161},
doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20150303.16},
abstract = {The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), 2n=36, is a dioecious long-lived monocotyledonous plant, with separate male and female trees. The dioecy represents the major challenge in development of breeding programs as it is impossible to distinguish tree gander till they flower approximately five to eight years after planting. Although, during the past two decades numerous attempts to develop molecular markers can discriminate among male and female trees in date palm. But, to date, sex-differentiation mechanism is still uncertain and there is no reliable way to determine the sex of date palm plants before reproductive age across all cultivars. Here, we employed an effective three novel gene-targeting marker approaches (SCoT, CDDP and ITAP) in additions to AFLP, in an attempt to develop a novel set of reliable sex-specific PCR-based markers can helping in early gender determination in Egyptian date palm trees. A set of 26 SCoT, 21 CDDP, 18 ITAP and 14 AFLP primers/primer combinations (PCs) were applied against twelve date palm genotypes belonging to three superior Egyptian date palm cultivars to identify any sex-specific markers. Four SCoT (SCoT1, SCoT24, SCoT26 and SCoT35), two CDDP (CDDP4 and CDDP6), one ITAP (ITAP-8/1) and one AFLP (AFLP-4/1) primer/PC exhibited differential fragments/bands between males and females. These differential bands were gel extracted and cloned for subsequent sequencing analysis. Three of the sequenced bands found to be contain more than one sequence. BLAST analysis results indicated that the eleven sequences generated from different gene-targeting marker systems (SCoT, CDDP and ITAP) revealed main similarity with master transcription factors, transcriptional activators/repressors and regulatory proteins involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways, plant development and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, playing important role in different types of abiotic and biotic stresses in date palm or oil palm. We speculate that kind of similarity is not just a coincidence. Our results reveals hypothesis that sex differentiation is a complex but well-organized process that involves endogenous and exogenous factors regulate and control the changes in gene expression, physiology, metabolism and architecture of the plant. These results represent the first case-study focusing on the applications of CDDP, ITAP and SCoT techniques as a novel gene targeting markers in sex-determination in date palm. Moreover, indicate that sex-differentiation process have to be addressed at system biology level for deep and better understanding. This developed sex-specific markers expected to be helpful in distinguish the gander in date palm at earliest stages.},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Set of Sex-Specific PCR-Based Markers Reveals New Hypothesis of Sex Differentiation in Date Palm AU - Atia A. M. Mohamed AU - Adawy S. Sami Y1 - 2015/05/28 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16 DO - 10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16 T2 - Journal of Plant Sciences JF - Journal of Plant Sciences JO - Journal of Plant Sciences SP - 150 EP - 161 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2331-0731 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20150303.16 AB - The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), 2n=36, is a dioecious long-lived monocotyledonous plant, with separate male and female trees. The dioecy represents the major challenge in development of breeding programs as it is impossible to distinguish tree gander till they flower approximately five to eight years after planting. Although, during the past two decades numerous attempts to develop molecular markers can discriminate among male and female trees in date palm. But, to date, sex-differentiation mechanism is still uncertain and there is no reliable way to determine the sex of date palm plants before reproductive age across all cultivars. Here, we employed an effective three novel gene-targeting marker approaches (SCoT, CDDP and ITAP) in additions to AFLP, in an attempt to develop a novel set of reliable sex-specific PCR-based markers can helping in early gender determination in Egyptian date palm trees. A set of 26 SCoT, 21 CDDP, 18 ITAP and 14 AFLP primers/primer combinations (PCs) were applied against twelve date palm genotypes belonging to three superior Egyptian date palm cultivars to identify any sex-specific markers. Four SCoT (SCoT1, SCoT24, SCoT26 and SCoT35), two CDDP (CDDP4 and CDDP6), one ITAP (ITAP-8/1) and one AFLP (AFLP-4/1) primer/PC exhibited differential fragments/bands between males and females. These differential bands were gel extracted and cloned for subsequent sequencing analysis. Three of the sequenced bands found to be contain more than one sequence. BLAST analysis results indicated that the eleven sequences generated from different gene-targeting marker systems (SCoT, CDDP and ITAP) revealed main similarity with master transcription factors, transcriptional activators/repressors and regulatory proteins involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways, plant development and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, playing important role in different types of abiotic and biotic stresses in date palm or oil palm. We speculate that kind of similarity is not just a coincidence. Our results reveals hypothesis that sex differentiation is a complex but well-organized process that involves endogenous and exogenous factors regulate and control the changes in gene expression, physiology, metabolism and architecture of the plant. These results represent the first case-study focusing on the applications of CDDP, ITAP and SCoT techniques as a novel gene targeting markers in sex-determination in date palm. Moreover, indicate that sex-differentiation process have to be addressed at system biology level for deep and better understanding. This developed sex-specific markers expected to be helpful in distinguish the gander in date palm at earliest stages. VL - 3 IS - 3 ER -
Email: