India is called the botanical garden of the world for its rich natural resources. Over 6000 plants in India are in used in traditional, folklore and herbal medicine. The Indian system of medicine has identified 1500 medicinal plants of which 500 are commonly used. Plants have a long therapeutic history over thousands of years and still considered to be promising source of medicine in the traditional health care system. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicine have turned the major pharmaceutical population towards medicinal plant’s research. In view of the widespread interest on using medicinal plants the present review on Centella asiatica and Momordica charantia is to provide information, in references to botanical, commercial, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
| Published in |
Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1-1)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Medicinal Plants |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-9 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, Pharmacological
| [1] | Vinoth S, Rajesh KP, Gurusaravanan P, Jayabalan N. 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical, antimicrobial and GC-MS analysis of extracts of Indigofera trita L.F. spp. Subulata (Vahl ex poir). Int. J. Agric. Res. 6(4):358-367. |
| [2] | Rackova L, Oblozinsky D, Kostalova V, Kettmann V, Bezakova L. 2007. Free radical scavenging activity and lipoxygenase inhibition of Mahonia aquifolium extract and isoquinoline alkaloids. J. Inflamm. 4:15- 22. |
| [3] | Gambhire MN, Wankhede SS, Juvekar AR. 2009. Antiinflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Barleria cristata leaves. Pharmacogn. 1:222-224. |
| [4] | Mirzaei A, Toori MA, Mirzaei N, Shirazi R. 2013. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutogenic potential of 4 Iranian medicinal plants. Life Sci. J. 10(7):1085- 1091. |
| [5] | Gyekyel IJ, Antwi DA, Bugyei KA, Awortwe C. 2012. Comparative study of two Kalanchoe species: total flavonoid, phenolic contents and antioxidant properties. Afr. J. App. Pure Chem. 6(5):65-73. |
| [6] | S. S. Jamil, Q. Nizami, andM. Salam, “Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban: a review,” Natural Product Radiance, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 158–170, 2007. |
| [7] | G. J. Meulenbeld and D. Wujastyk, Studies on Indian Medical History, Motilal Banarsidas, New Delhi, India, 2001. |
| [8] | R. N. Chopra, S. L. Nayar, and I. C. Chopra, Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, 1986. |
| [9] | R. Tenni, G. Zanaboni, M. P. De Agostini, A. Rossi, C. Bendotti, and G. Cetta, “Effect of the triterpenoid fraction of Centella asiatica on macromolecules of the connective matrix in human skin fibroblast cultures,” Italian Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 69–77, 1988. |
| [10] | L. Suguna, P. Sivakumar, and G. Chandrakasan, “Effects of Centella asiatica extract on dermal wound healing in rats,” Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1208–1211, 1996. |
| [11] | B. S. Shetty, S. L. Udupa, and A. L. Udupa, “Biochemical analysis of granulation tissue in steroid and Centella asiatica (Linn) treated rats,” Pharmacologyonline, vol. 2, pp. 624–632, 2008. |
| [12] | M. N. Somchit, M. R. Sulaiman, A. Zuraini et al., “Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of Centella asiatica,” Indian Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 377–380, 2004. |
| [13] | M. George, L. Joseph, and Ramaswamy, “Anti-allergic, antipruritic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Centella asiatica extracts,” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 554–559, 2009. |
| [14] | J. H. Sampson, A. Raman, G. Karlsen, H. Navsaria, and I. Leigh, “In vitro keratinocyte antiproliferant effect of Centella asiatica extract and triterpenoid saponins,” Phytomedicine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 230–235, 2001. |
| [15] | C. L. Cheng and M. W. L. Koo, “Effects of Centella asiatica on ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats,” Life Sciences, vol. 67, no. 21, pp. 2647–2653, 2000. |
| [16] | C. L. Cheng, J. S. Guo, J. Luk, and M. W. L. Koo, “The healing effects of Centella extract and asiaticoside on acetic acid induced gastric ulcers in rats,” Life Sciences, vol. 74, no. 18, pp. 2237–2249, 2004. |
| [17] | S. S. Pingale, “Evaluation of effect of Centella asiatica on CCL4 induced rat liver damage,” Pharmacologyonline, vol. 3, pp. 537–543, 2008. |
| [18] | S. Sudha, S. Kumaresan, A. Amit, J. David, and B. V. Venkataraman, “Anti-convulsant activity of different extracts of Centella asiatica and Bacopa monnieri in animals,” Journal of Natural Remedies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 33–41, 2002. |
| [19] | P. Wijeweera, J. T. Arnason, D. Koszycki, and Z. Merali, “Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola—(Centella asiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models,” Phytomedicine, vol. 13, no. 9-10, pp. 668–676, 2006. |
| [20] | X. S. Wang, Q. Dong, J. P. Zuo, and J. N. Fang, “Structure and potential immunological activity of a pectin from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban,” Carbohydrate Research, vol. 338, no. 22, pp. 2393–2402, 2003. |
| [21] | A. Gnanapragasam, K. Kumar Ebenezar, V. Sathish, P. Govindaraju, and T. Devaki, “Protective effect of Centella asiatica on antioxidant tissue defense system against adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy in rats,” Life Sciences, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 585– 597, 2004. |
| [22] | M. Raghavendra, R. Maiti, S. Kumar, A. Trigunayat, S. Mitra, and S. Acharya, “Role of Centella asiatica on cerebral postischemic reperfusion and long-term hypoperfusion in rats,” International Journal of Green Pharmacy, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 88– 96, 2009. |
| [23] | M. L. Venu Gopal Rao and S. A. Mastan, “Antidiabetic effects of methanolic extract of Centella asiatica (Linn.) on induced hyperglycemic rats,” Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 721–724, 2007. |
| [24] | Y. S. Lee, D. Q. Jin, E. J. Kwon et al., “Asiatic acid, a triterpene, induces apoptosis through intracellular Ca2+ release and enhanced expression of p53 inHepG2 human hepatoma cells,” Cancer Letters, vol. 186, no. 1, pp. 83–91, 2002. |
| [25] | P. Bunpo, K. Kataoka, H. Arimochi et al., “Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt focus formation and carcinogenesis in the intestines of F344 rats,” Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 1987– 1997, 2004. |
| [26] | C. Yoosook, N. Bunyapraphatsara, Y. Boonyakiat, and C. Kantasuk, “Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of crude water extracts of Thai medicinal plants,” Phytomedicine, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 411–419, 2000. |
| [27] | M. R. Zaidan, A. Noor Rain, A. R. Badrul, A. Adlin, A. Norazah, and I. Zakiah, “In vitro screening of five local medicinal plants for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method,” Tropical Biomedicine, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 165–170, 2005. |
| [28] | N. Senthilkumar, P. Varma, and G. Gurusubramanian, “Larvicidal and adulticidal activities of some medicinal plants against the Malarial Vector, Anopheles stephensi (Liston),” Parasitology Research, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 237–244, 2009. |
| [29] | E. Naz and M. Ahmad, “Evaluation of five indigenous medicinal plants of Sindh, Pakistan for their antifungal potential,” Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 328–333, 2009. |
| [30] | A. A.Hamid, Z. Shah, R.Muse, and S.Mohamed, “Characterisation of antioxidative activities of various extracts of Centella asiatica (L) Urban,” Food Chemistry, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 465– 469, 2002. |
| [31] | G. Jayashree, G. Kurup Muraleedhara, S. Sudarslal, and V. B. Jacob, “Anti-oxidant activity of Centella asiatica on lymphoma- bearing mice,” Fitoterapia, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 431–434, 2003. |
| [32] | M. Bajpai, A. Pande, S. K. Tewari, and D. Prakash, “Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of some food and medicinal plants,” International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 287–291, 2005. |
| [33] | S. Chaudhuri, S. Ghosh, and T. Chakraborty, “Use of a common Indian herb “Mandukaparni” in the treatment of leprosy. (Preliminary report),” Journal of the Indian Medical Association, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 177–180, 1978. |
| [34] | J. P. Pointel, H. Boccalon, and M. Cloarec, “Titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) in the treatment of venous insufficiency of the lower limbs,” Angiology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 46–50, 1987. |
| [35] | M. R. Cesarone, G. Belcaro, A. Rulo et al., “Microcirculatory effects of total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in chronic venous hypertension: measurement by laser Doppler, TcPo2-co2, and leg volumetry,” Angiology, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. S45–S48, 2001. |
| [36] | Dutta T and Basu U.P., Isothankunic acid- a new triterpene acid from Centella asiatica (URB), Bull. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 37 (1968) 178-184. |
| [37] | Singh B and Rastogi R.P., A reinvestigation of the triterpenes of Centella asiatica III, Phytochemistry, 8 (1969) 917-921. |
| [38] | Aziz Z.A., Davey M.R., Power J.B., Anthony P., Smith R.M. and Lowe K.C., Biologia Plantarum, 51(1) (2007) 34-42. |
| [39] | Chopra RN, Nayar SL and Chopra IC., Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), 1956 pp. 58. |
| [40] | Schaneberg BT, Mikell JR, Bedir E and Khan IA., An improved HPLC method for quantitative determination of six triterpenes in Centella asiatica extracts and commercial products, Pharmazie, 58(6) (2003) 381-384. |
| [41] | Rastogi RP and Mehrotra BN., Compedium of Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. 1 (Central Drug Institute Lucknow and Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi), 1960-1969 pp. 96. |
| [42] | Chopra RN, Chopra IC and Varma BS., Supplement to Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, (CSIR, New Delhi, India), 1992 pp. 14. |
| [43] | Kapoor LD., CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, (CRC Press LLC, Florida), 2005, 208-209. |
| [44] | Malhotra CL, Das PK, Sastry MS and Dhalla NS., Chemical and pharmacological studies on Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn., Indian J Pharm., 23 (1961) 106. |
| [45] | Tiwari Nath Kavindra, Sharma Chandra Nilesh, Tiwari Vaibhav and Singh Deo Brahma, Micropropagation of Centella asiatica (L.), a valuable medicinal herb, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 63 (2000) 179-185. |
| [46] | Leyel, C.F., Elixiris of Life. Samuel Weiser, Inc., New York, (1970). |
| [47] | Young, I. S. and Woodside, J. V. 2001. Antioxidants in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology 54: 176-186. |
| [48] | Rajadurai, M. and Prince, P. S. M. 2006. Preventive effect of naringin on lipid peroxide and antioxidants in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: biochemical and histopathological evidence. Toxicology 228: 259-268. |
| [49] | Singh, R. H., Narsimhamurthy, K. and Singh G. 2008. Neuronutrient impact of Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy in brain aging. Biogerontology 9: 369-374. |
| [50] | Wijeweera, P., Arnason, J.T., Koszycki, D. and Merali, Z. 2006. Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola (Centella asiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models. Phytomedicine 13: 668-676. |
| [51] | Loiseau, A. and Mercier, M. 2000. Centella asiatica and skin care. Cosmetics and Toiletries Magazine 115: 63-65. |
| [52] | James, J. T. and Dubery, I. A. 2009. Pentacyclic triterpenoids from the medicinal herb, Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Molecules 14: 3922-3941 |
| [53] | Brinkhaus, B., Lindner, M., Schuppan, D. and Hahn, E. G. 2000. Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the East Asian medical plant Centella asiatica. Phytomedicine 7: 427-428. |
| [54] | The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products – Raw Materials Series, Vol. 3, (Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi), Rev Ser, (Ca-Ci), 1992, 428-430. |
| [55] | Srivastava R, Shukla YN and Kumar S., Chemistry and pharmacology of Centella asiatica: a review, J. Medi. Arom. Plant Sci., 19 (1997) 1049-1056. |
| [56] | Babu TD, Kuttan G and Padikkala J., Cytotoxic and anti-tumour properties of certain taxa of Umbelliferae with special reference to Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, J Ethnopharmacol, 48 (1) (1995) 53-57. |
| [57] | Babu TD and Paddikkala J., DNA fragmentation in Ehrlich Ascites tumour cells by extract of herbal plant Centella asiatica (L.), Amala Res Bull., 14 (1994) 52- 56. |
| [58] | Park BC, Bosire KO, Lee ES, Lee YS and Kim JA., Asiatic acid induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells, Cancer Lett., 218(1) (2005) 81-90. |
| [59] | Nalini K, Aroor AR, Karanth Ks and Rao A., Effect of Centella asiatica fresh leaf aqueous extract on learning and memory and biogenic amine turnover in albino rats, Fitoterapia, 63 (1992) 232-237. |
| [60] | Upadhyay S.K., Saha Abhijeet, Bhatia B.D., and Kulkarni Kala Suhas, Evaluation of the efficacy of mentat in children with learning disability Placebo- Controlled Double-Blind clinical trial, Neurosciences Today, (VI), 3 (2002) 184-188. |
| [61] | Pragada RR, Veeravalli KK, Chowdary KP and Routhn KP., Cardioprotective activity of Hydrocotyle asiatica L. in ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial infraction in rats, J Ethnopharmacol, 93 (1) (2004) 105-108. |
| [62] | Shobi V and Goel HC., Protection against radiationinduced conditioned taste aversion by Centella asiatica, Physiol Behav., 73(1-2) (2001) 19-23. |
| [63] | Chen Y, Han T, Qin L, Rui Y and Zheng H., Effect of total triterpenes from Centella asiatica on the depression behaviour and concentration of amino acid in forced swimming mice, Zhong Yao Cai., 26 (12) (2003) 870-873. |
| [64] | Chen Y, Han T, Rui Y, Yin M, Qin L and Zheng H., Effects of total triterpenes of Centella asiatica on the corticosterone levels in serum and contents of monoamine in depression rat brain, Zhong Yao Cai., 28 (6) (2005) 492-496. |
| [65] | Wang Xs, Dong Q, Zuo P and Frong JN., Structures and potential immunological activity of a pectin from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Carbohydr Res., 338 (22) (2003) 2393-2402. |
| [66] | Plohmann B, Bader G, Streich S, Hiller K and Franz G., Immunomodulatory effects of triterpenoid saponins, European J Pharmaceut Sci., 21(1994) 120. |
| [67] | Jayathirtha MG and Mishra SH., Preliminary immunomodulatory activities of methanol extracts of Eclipta alba and Centella asiatica, Phytomedicine, 11(4) (2004) 361-365. |
| [68] | Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN and Ray C., Screening of plants for biological activity I, Indian J Exp Biol., 6 (1968) 232. |
| [69] | Rao Appa MVR, Srinivasan K and Rao KT., Effect of mandookaparni (Centella asiatica) on the mentally retarded children, J Res Indian Med., 8 (1973) 9. |
| [70] | (Late) Rao Appa M.V.R., Kanchana Srinivasan, T. Koteswara Rao, The effect of Centella asiatica on the general mental ability of mentally retarded children, Indian J. Psychiat., 19(4) (1977) 54-59. |
| [71] | The Useful Plants of India, (Publications and Information Directorate, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi), 1986, pp. 115. |
| [72] | Plohman B., Bader G., Streich S., Hiller K., Franz G., Immuno-modulatory effects of triterpenoid saponins. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21: 120, (1994). |
| [73] | Mali R. G., Hundiwale J. C., Gavit R. S., Patil K. S., Kulkarni M. V., Effect of Achyranthes aspera extract on phagocytosis by human neutrophils. Journal of Natural Remedies, 6: 115- 119, (2006). |
| [74] | Di Carlo E. J., Haynes L. J., Sliver N. J., Phillips G. H., Reticuloendothelial System Stimulants of Botanical Origin. Journal of Reticuloendothelial Society, 1:224-232, (1964). |
| [75] | Chen Y., Han T., Rui Y., Yin M., Qin L., Zheng H., Effects of total triterpenes of Centella asiatica on the corticosterone levels in serum and contents of monoamine in depression rat brain. Zhong Yao Cai, 28 (6): 492-496, (2005) |
| [76] | Guseva N. G., Starovoitova M. N., Mach E. S., Madecassol treatment of systemic and localized scleroderma. Therapeutic Archives, 70 (5): 58-61, (1998). |
| [77] | Dave K. R., Katyare S. S., Effect of alloxan induced diabetes on serum and cardiac butrylcholinesterases in the rat. Journal of Endocrinology, 175: 241-250, (2002). |
| [78] | Zafar R. Medicinal Plant of India, 1st ed. CBS publisher and distributors, New Delhi, 2002, pp 105. |
| [79] | Anonymous “The Wealth of India”, A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products. Vol.-VI; L-M, NISCAIR Press Publisher, New Delhi, 2005, pp 408. |
| [80] | Williamson EM. Major herbs of Ayurveda, 1st ed. The Dabur research Foundation and Dabur ayurvet limited, Ghaziabad, 2002, pp 182. |
| [81] | Nandkarni KM. Indian Materia of medica. Bombay Popular Prakashan, Mumbai 2002, pp 805. |
| [82] | Ganesan A. Natesan S. Perumal PG. Vellayutham R. Manickam K. Ramasamy N. Anxiolytic, Antidepressant and Anti- inflammatory activities of Methanol extract of Momordica charantia Linn. Leaves (Cucurbitaceae). Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2008; 7: 43. |
| [83] | Rastogi R. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Mehrotra BN (eds.). 5th ed. Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow and National Institute of Science Communication, New Delhi,1998, pp 549. |
| [84] | Fu WC. Gu XH. Tao GJ. Tang J. Jiang Z.L. Structure Identification of Triacylglycerols in the Seed Oil of Momordica Charantia L. Var. Abbreviata Ser. Journal of The American Oil Chemists' Society. 86(1): 33. |
| [85] | Rastogi R. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Mehrotra BN (eds.). 4th ed. Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow and National Institute of Science Communication, New Delhi, 1998, pp 480. |
| [86] | Rastogi R. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Mehrotra BN (eds.). 3rd ed. Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow and National Institute of Science Communication, New Delhi, 1998, pp 430. |
| [87] | Williamson EM. Major herbs of Ayurveda, 1st ed. The Dabur research Foundation and Dabur ayurvet limited, Ghaziabad, 2002, pp 182. |
| [88] | Leung L. Birtwhistle R. Kotecha J. Cuthbertson S. Anti-diabetic and Hypoglycaemic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon): a mini review. British Journal of Nutrition. 2009; 102(12): 1703. |
| [89] | Raman A. Lau C. Anti Diabetic activity properties and Phytochemistry of Momordica charantia Linn., Phytomedicine. 1996; 2(4): 349. |
| [90] | Semiz A. Sen A. Antioxidant and chemoprotective properties of Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) fruit extract. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2007; 6(3): 273. |
| [91] | Kumar DS. Sharathnath KV. Yogeswaran P. Harani A. Sudhakar K. Sudha P. Banji D. A Medicinal Potency of Momordica charantia. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Review and Research. 2010; 1(2):95. |
| [92] | Puri M. Kaur I. Kanwar R.K. Gupta R.C. Chauhan A. Kanwar J.R. Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) from Momordica charantia for anti viral therapy. Current Molecular Medicine. 2009; 9: 1080. |
| [93] | Singh RK. Dhiman RC. Mittal PK.Mosquito larvicidal properties of Momordica charantia Linn (family: Cucurbitaceae). Journal of Vector Borne Disease. 2006; 43: 88. |
| [94] | Lee SY. Eom SH. Kim YK. Park N. Park S.U. Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids in Momordica charantia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2009; 3(13): 1264. |
| [95] | Paul A. Bandyopadhyay S. Acharyya P. Raychaudhuri S.S. Studies on genetic diversity of twelve accessions of Momordica charantia L. using morphological, RAPD and SCAR Markers. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 2010; 9(8): 471. |
| [96] | Sharma S. Sharma MC. Kohli DV. Chaturvedi SC. Formulation, evalution, wound healing studies of benzene-95% absolute ethanol extract of leaves. Journal of Optoelectronics and Biomedical Materials. 2009; 1(4): 375. |
| [97] | Kubola J and Siriamornpun S: Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaf, stem and fruit fraction extracts in vitro Food Chemistry 2008; 110: 881–890. |
| [98] | Horax R, Hettiarachchy N, and Islam S: Total phenolic contents and phenolic acid constituents in 4 varieties of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) and antioxidant activities of their extracts. Journal of Food Science 2005; 70 (4): 275-280. |
| [99] | Chaudhari BP, Chaware VJ, Joshi YR and Biyani KR: Hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica charantia Linn. leaves against Carbon tetrachloride induced Hepatopathy in Rats. International Journal of Chem Tech Research 2009; 1(2): 355-358. |
| [100] | Khan MR et al: Momordica charantia and Allium sativum: broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy 1998; 29: 155–158. |
| [101] | Braca A, Siciliano T, Arrigo MD and Germano MP: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia seed essential oil. Fitoterapia 2008; 79: 123-125. |
| [102] | Chan WY, Tam PP, Choi HL, Ng TB and Yeung HW: Effects of momorcharins on the mouse embryo at the early organogenesis stage. Contraception 1986; 34: 537–544. |
| [103] | Chan WY, Tam PP, So KC and Yeung HW: The inhibitory effects of beta-momorcharin on endometrial cells in the mouse. Contraception 1985; 31: 83–90. |
| [104] | Chan WY, Tam PP and Yeung HW: The termination of early pregnancy in the mouse by beta-momorcharin. Contraception 1984; 29: 91–100. |
| [105] | Matsuda H, Li Y and Yoshikawa M: Roles of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, endogenous nitric oxide, sulfhydryls, and prostaglandins in gastroprotection by momordin Ic, an oleanolic acid oligoglycoside, on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Life Science 1999; 65: PL27–PL32. |
| [106] | Leung SO, Yeung HW and Leung KN: The immunosuppressive activities of two abortifacient proteins isolated from the seeds of bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Immunopharmacology 1987; 13: 159–171. |
| [107] | Wang HX and Ng TB: Studies on the anti-mitogenic, anti-phage and hypotensive effects of several ribosome inactivating proteins. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Pharmacology Toxicology 2001b; 128: 359–366. |
| [108] | Kumar DS, Sharathnath KV, Yogeswaran P, Harani A, Sudhakar K, Sudha P and Banji D: A medicinal potency of Momordica charantia. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Review and Research 2010; 1(2): 95-100. |
APA Style
Agrawal Mala, Tyagi Tulika. (2014). Therapeutic Efficacy of Centella asiatica (L.) and Momordica charantia: As Traditional Medicinal Plant. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(1-1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11
ACS Style
Agrawal Mala; Tyagi Tulika. Therapeutic Efficacy of Centella asiatica (L.) and Momordica charantia: As Traditional Medicinal Plant. J. Plant Sci. 2014, 3(1-1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11,
author = {Agrawal Mala and Tyagi Tulika},
title = {Therapeutic Efficacy of Centella asiatica (L.) and Momordica charantia: As Traditional Medicinal Plant},
journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
volume = {3},
number = {1-1},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.s.2015030101.11},
abstract = {India is called the botanical garden of the world for its rich natural resources. Over 6000 plants in India are in used in traditional, folklore and herbal medicine. The Indian system of medicine has identified 1500 medicinal plants of which 500 are commonly used. Plants have a long therapeutic history over thousands of years and still considered to be promising source of medicine in the traditional health care system. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicine have turned the major pharmaceutical population towards medicinal plant’s research. In view of the widespread interest on using medicinal plants the present review on Centella asiatica and Momordica charantia is to provide information, in references to botanical, commercial, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological studies.},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Therapeutic Efficacy of Centella asiatica (L.) and Momordica charantia: As Traditional Medicinal Plant AU - Agrawal Mala AU - Tyagi Tulika Y1 - 2014/12/27 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11 DO - 10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11 T2 - Journal of Plant Sciences JF - Journal of Plant Sciences JO - Journal of Plant Sciences SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2331-0731 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.11 AB - India is called the botanical garden of the world for its rich natural resources. Over 6000 plants in India are in used in traditional, folklore and herbal medicine. The Indian system of medicine has identified 1500 medicinal plants of which 500 are commonly used. Plants have a long therapeutic history over thousands of years and still considered to be promising source of medicine in the traditional health care system. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicine have turned the major pharmaceutical population towards medicinal plant’s research. In view of the widespread interest on using medicinal plants the present review on Centella asiatica and Momordica charantia is to provide information, in references to botanical, commercial, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological studies. VL - 3 IS - 1-1 ER -
Email: