Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya

Mariam Nyongesa Were; Benard Mukoye; Aggrey Keya Osogo; Bonphace Collins Mangeni; Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu; Vitalis Kalor Ogemah; John Vincent Muoma; Stephan Winter; Hassan Karakacha Were

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya

Mariam Nyongesa Were, Benard Mukoye, Aggrey Keya Osogo, Bonphace Collins Mangeni, Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, Vitalis Kalor Ogemah, John Vincent Muoma, Stephan Winter, Hassan Karakacha Were

Published in Plant (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 29 September 2016 Accepted: 11 October 2016 Published: 7 November 2016

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Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) is an important food staple in Busia, Homabay, Siaya, Migori, Kwale, Kilifi and Marakwet Counties and is a secondary food crop for many Kenyans. The current yields of 3-4 tons/ha obtained in Western Kenya are far below world averages and this is largely attributed to pests and diseases. The usual practice of retaining some seed cuttings from the current ware crop or buying them from neighbours, leads to accumulation of viral diseases most important of which are caused by begomovirus infections. A survey for cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in main cassava growing areas of Western Kenya with a view to determine incidence and distribution of the causal viruses. A total of 33 cassava farms in seven sub-counties in Western Kenya were covered. Leaf samples were collected and analysed serologically and by molecular means. Cassava plants in most farms were severely affected by cassava mosaic disease. Disease incidence in farms ranged between 2% to 54%. Three cassava infecting begomoviruses, African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus – Ugandan variant (EACMV-Ug) were found in the collected samples, with EACMV-Ug being most prevalent followed by EACMV. These are interesting findings given that in the past surveys, ACMV was the most abundant virus in the area. To increase cassava yields, it is recommended that cassava farmers be educated on cassava diseases and their control.

Published in	Plant (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18
Page(s)	108-113
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Begomoviruses, Western Kenya, Manihot Esculenta

References

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APA Style

Mariam Nyongesa Were, Benard Mukoye, Aggrey Keya Osogo, Bonphace Collins Mangeni, Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant, 4(6), 108-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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ACS Style

Mariam Nyongesa Were; Benard Mukoye; Aggrey Keya Osogo; Bonphace Collins Mangeni; Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant. 2016, 4(6), 108-113. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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AMA Style

Mariam Nyongesa Were, Benard Mukoye, Aggrey Keya Osogo, Bonphace Collins Mangeni, Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant. 2016;4(6):108-113. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18,
  author = {Mariam Nyongesa Were and Benard Mukoye and Aggrey Keya Osogo and Bonphace Collins Mangeni and Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu and Vitalis Kalor Ogemah and John Vincent Muoma and Stephan Winter and Hassan Karakacha Were},
  title = {Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {108-113},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20160406.18},
  abstract = {Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) is an important food staple in Busia, Homabay, Siaya, Migori, Kwale, Kilifi and Marakwet Counties and is a secondary food crop for many Kenyans. The current yields of 3-4 tons/ha obtained in Western Kenya are far below world averages and this is largely attributed to pests and diseases. The usual practice of retaining some seed cuttings from the current ware crop or buying them from neighbours, leads to accumulation of viral diseases most important of which are caused by begomovirus infections. A survey for cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in main cassava growing areas of Western Kenya with a view to determine incidence and distribution of the causal viruses. A total of 33 cassava farms in seven sub-counties in Western Kenya were covered. Leaf samples were collected and analysed serologically and by molecular means. Cassava plants in most farms were severely affected by cassava mosaic disease. Disease incidence in farms ranged between 2% to 54%. Three cassava infecting begomoviruses, African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus – Ugandan variant (EACMV-Ug) were found in the collected samples, with EACMV-Ug being most prevalent followed by EACMV. These are interesting findings given that in the past surveys, ACMV was the most abundant virus in the area. To increase cassava yields, it is recommended that cassava farmers be educated on cassava diseases and their control.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya
AU - Mariam Nyongesa Were
AU - Benard Mukoye
AU - Aggrey Keya Osogo
AU - Bonphace Collins Mangeni
AU - Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu
AU - Vitalis Kalor Ogemah
AU - John Vincent Muoma
AU - Stephan Winter
AU - Hassan Karakacha Were
Y1 - 2016/11/07
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18
DO - 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18
T2 - Plant
JF - Plant
JO - Plant
SP - 108
EP - 113
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2331-0677
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18
AB - Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) is an important food staple in Busia, Homabay, Siaya, Migori, Kwale, Kilifi and Marakwet Counties and is a secondary food crop for many Kenyans. The current yields of 3-4 tons/ha obtained in Western Kenya are far below world averages and this is largely attributed to pests and diseases. The usual practice of retaining some seed cuttings from the current ware crop or buying them from neighbours, leads to accumulation of viral diseases most important of which are caused by begomovirus infections. A survey for cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in main cassava growing areas of Western Kenya with a view to determine incidence and distribution of the causal viruses. A total of 33 cassava farms in seven sub-counties in Western Kenya were covered. Leaf samples were collected and analysed serologically and by molecular means. Cassava plants in most farms were severely affected by cassava mosaic disease. Disease incidence in farms ranged between 2% to 54%. Three cassava infecting begomoviruses, African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus – Ugandan variant (EACMV-Ug) were found in the collected samples, with EACMV-Ug being most prevalent followed by EACMV. These are interesting findings given that in the past surveys, ACMV was the most abundant virus in the area. To increase cassava yields, it is recommended that cassava farmers be educated on cassava diseases and their control.
VL - 4
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Mariam Nyongesa Were

Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
Benard Mukoye

Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
Aggrey Keya Osogo

Department of Biological Sciences, Kibabii University, Bungoma, Kenya
Bonphace Collins Mangeni

Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu

Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
Vitalis Kalor Ogemah

Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
John Vincent Muoma

Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
Stephan Winter

Leibniz-Institute DSMZ Plant, Virus Department, Braunschweig, Germany
Hassan Karakacha Were

Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

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APA Style

Mariam Nyongesa Were, Benard Mukoye, Aggrey Keya Osogo, Bonphace Collins Mangeni, Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. (2016). Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant, 4(6), 108-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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ACS Style

Mariam Nyongesa Were; Benard Mukoye; Aggrey Keya Osogo; Bonphace Collins Mangeni; Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant. 2016, 4(6), 108-113. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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AMA Style

Mariam Nyongesa Were, Benard Mukoye, Aggrey Keya Osogo, Bonphace Collins Mangeni, Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu, et al. Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya. Plant. 2016;4(6):108-113. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18,
  author = {Mariam Nyongesa Were and Benard Mukoye and Aggrey Keya Osogo and Bonphace Collins Mangeni and Paul Ateng’a Nyamwamu and Vitalis Kalor Ogemah and John Vincent Muoma and Stephan Winter and Hassan Karakacha Were},
  title = {Occurrence and Distribution of Begomoviruses Infecting Cassava in Western Kenya},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {108-113},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20160406.18},
  abstract = {Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) is an important food staple in Busia, Homabay, Siaya, Migori, Kwale, Kilifi and Marakwet Counties and is a secondary food crop for many Kenyans. The current yields of 3-4 tons/ha obtained in Western Kenya are far below world averages and this is largely attributed to pests and diseases. The usual practice of retaining some seed cuttings from the current ware crop or buying them from neighbours, leads to accumulation of viral diseases most important of which are caused by begomovirus infections. A survey for cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in main cassava growing areas of Western Kenya with a view to determine incidence and distribution of the causal viruses. A total of 33 cassava farms in seven sub-counties in Western Kenya were covered. Leaf samples were collected and analysed serologically and by molecular means. Cassava plants in most farms were severely affected by cassava mosaic disease. Disease incidence in farms ranged between 2% to 54%. Three cassava infecting begomoviruses, African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus – Ugandan variant (EACMV-Ug) were found in the collected samples, with EACMV-Ug being most prevalent followed by EACMV. These are interesting findings given that in the past surveys, ACMV was the most abundant virus in the area. To increase cassava yields, it is recommended that cassava farmers be educated on cassava diseases and their control.},
 year = {2016}
}

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