Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) at Bako Agricultural Research Center

Tusa Gemechu; Amsalu Arega

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center

Tusa Gemechu, Amsalu Arega

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 28 July 2017 Accepted: 21 December 2017 Published: 31 January 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The flexibility and wide adaptation of buck wheat recently led it to be grown on different agro ecology, even though it is not native to our country. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of sowing date on growth, yield and honey bee foraging intensity of buckwheat at Bako Agriculture Research Center. There were 5 treatments with the first treatment sown on July, 15 having 10 days different between each treatments with three replications laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experimental result showed that there was significance difference White seeded Variety (V2) of buckwheat having 37 days stay with flowering which is planted in the Mid July and early August with the mean value of about 31 days with extended flowering period and proceeds prolifically for about a month before gradually tapering off as the plant matures. From the result above buckwheat was mature in 11 weeks. The later buckwheat is planted, the faster it will mature. Therefore, speed of maturity depends on the planting date. Grain yield of buckwheat under different sowing date were highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) highest grain yield for both Varieties planted in mid July and late July with the lowest grain yield observed for both Varieties planted in the late August with the mean value of 14.40ku/ha. The result clearly indicates that foraging intensity of honey bees at different flowering stage of the buck wheat has been significantly different at first week flowering and second week of flowering stage with mean value of 36 and 31 bees/m²/10min. The intensive visitation of honey bees with the mean value of 22 bees/m²/10min and 13 bees/m²/10min at early in the morning (08:30-08:40 am) and (04:30-04:40 am) has been observed respectively.

Published in	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11
Page(s)	1-4
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Buck Wheat, Foraging Intensity, Honey Bee, Sowing Date, Yield

References

[1]	Agriculture Canada. (1978). Growing buckwheat. Ottawa Canada: Canadian Department of Agriculture.
[2]	Gubbels, G. H. 1978. Yield, seed weight, hull percentage and testa colour of buckwheatat two soil moisture regimes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 58:881-883.
[3]	Eggum, B. O., Kreft, I. & Javornik, B. (1981) Chemical composition and protein quality of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Qual. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 30: 175–179.
[4]	Francischi, M. L., J. M. Salfado and R. F. Leitao. 1994. Chemical, nutritional and technological characteristics of buckwheat and prolamine buckwheat flours in comparison of wheat flour. Plant Foods and Human Nutrition 46: 323–329.
[5]	Jiang Y, et al. (1995) BTS1 encodes a geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 270 (37):21793-9.
[6]	Marshall, H. G. and Y. Pomeranz. 1982. Buckwheat: Description, breeding, production and, utilization. Pp. 157-210 in Advances in Cereal Science and Technology. Vol. 5. (Y. Pomeranz, ed.). American Associationof Cereal Chemists Incorporated, St. Paul, Minnesota.
[7]	Phillips, E. F. and G. S. Demuth. 1922. Beekeeping in the buckwheat region. U.S. Department of Agricultural Farmers' Bulletin 1216: 26. Rajbhandari, B. P. 2010. Buckwheat in the land of Everest. Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (HICAST), Kathmandu, Nepal. 132p.
[8]	Grigorenko, V. 1979. Okratnosti posešèenija pèelami greèichi. Pèelovodstvo 10:18-19. Jiang, H. M. J., P. K. Whelton, J. P. Mo, J. Y. Chen, M. C. Quian, P. S. Mo and G. Q. He. 1995. Oats and buckwheat intakes and cardiovascular disease risk factors in an ethnic minority in China. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61: 366– 372.
[9]	Bjorkman, T. 2002. Guide to buckwheat production in the Northeast. New York State Agriculture and Extension Service, Cornell University, Geneva. Available on:http://www.nysaes.cornell. edu/ hort/ faculty/bjorkman/buck/guide/index.html (Retrievedon 10/10/2011).
[10]	Gomez, K. A. and A. A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, USA. 680 p.
[11]	Baniya, B. K., D. M. S. Dongol, and N. R. Dhungel. 1995. Further characterization and evaluation of Nepalese buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) landraces. Pp. 295-304 in Current.
[12]	Campbell, C. G. and G. H. Gubbels. 1978. Growing Buckwheat, Agriculture Canada Publication 1468. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tusa Gemechu, Amsalu Arega. (2018). Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 3(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Tusa Gemechu; Amsalu Arega. Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2018, 3(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Tusa Gemechu, Amsalu Arega. Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center. Ecol Evol Biol. 2018;3(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11,
  author = {Tusa Gemechu and Amsalu Arega},
  title = {Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20180301.11},
  abstract = {The flexibility and wide adaptation of buck wheat recently led it to be grown on different agro ecology, even though it is not native to our country. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of sowing date on growth, yield and honey bee foraging intensity of buckwheat at Bako Agriculture Research Center. There were 5 treatments with the first treatment sown on July, 15 having 10 days different between each treatments with three replications laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experimental result showed that there was significance difference White seeded Variety (V2) of buckwheat having 37 days stay with flowering which is planted in the Mid July and early August with the mean value of about 31 days with extended flowering period and proceeds prolifically for about a month before gradually tapering off as the plant matures. From the result above buckwheat was mature in 11 weeks. The later buckwheat is planted, the faster it will mature. Therefore, speed of maturity depends on the planting date. Grain yield of buckwheat under different sowing date were highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) highest grain yield for both Varieties planted in mid July and late July with the lowest grain yield observed for both Varieties planted in the late August with the mean value of 14.40ku/ha. The result clearly indicates that foraging intensity of honey bees at different flowering stage of the buck wheat has been significantly different at first week flowering and second week of flowering stage with mean value of 36 and 31 bees/m2/10min. The intensive visitation of honey bees with the mean value of 22 bees/m2/10min and 13 bees/m2/10min at early in the morning (08:30-08:40 am) and (04:30-04:40 am) has been observed respectively.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center
AU  - Tusa Gemechu
AU  - Amsalu Arega
Y1  - 2018/01/31
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11
T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3762
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11
AB  - The flexibility and wide adaptation of buck wheat recently led it to be grown on different agro ecology, even though it is not native to our country. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of sowing date on growth, yield and honey bee foraging intensity of buckwheat at Bako Agriculture Research Center. There were 5 treatments with the first treatment sown on July, 15 having 10 days different between each treatments with three replications laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experimental result showed that there was significance difference White seeded Variety (V2) of buckwheat having 37 days stay with flowering which is planted in the Mid July and early August with the mean value of about 31 days with extended flowering period and proceeds prolifically for about a month before gradually tapering off as the plant matures. From the result above buckwheat was mature in 11 weeks. The later buckwheat is planted, the faster it will mature. Therefore, speed of maturity depends on the planting date. Grain yield of buckwheat under different sowing date were highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) highest grain yield for both Varieties planted in mid July and late July with the lowest grain yield observed for both Varieties planted in the late August with the mean value of 14.40ku/ha. The result clearly indicates that foraging intensity of honey bees at different flowering stage of the buck wheat has been significantly different at first week flowering and second week of flowering stage with mean value of 36 and 31 bees/m2/10min. The intensive visitation of honey bees with the mean value of 22 bees/m2/10min and 13 bees/m2/10min at early in the morning (08:30-08:40 am) and (04:30-04:40 am) has been observed respectively.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Tusa Gemechu

Bako Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Amsalu Arega

Bako Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bako, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tusa Gemechu, Amsalu Arega. (2018). Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 3(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Tusa Gemechu; Amsalu Arega. Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2018, 3(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Tusa Gemechu, Amsalu Arega. Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center. Ecol Evol Biol. 2018;3(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11,
  author = {Tusa Gemechu and Amsalu Arega},
  title = {Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20180301.11},
  abstract = {The flexibility and wide adaptation of buck wheat recently led it to be grown on different agro ecology, even though it is not native to our country. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of sowing date on growth, yield and honey bee foraging intensity of buckwheat at Bako Agriculture Research Center. There were 5 treatments with the first treatment sown on July, 15 having 10 days different between each treatments with three replications laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experimental result showed that there was significance difference White seeded Variety (V2) of buckwheat having 37 days stay with flowering which is planted in the Mid July and early August with the mean value of about 31 days with extended flowering period and proceeds prolifically for about a month before gradually tapering off as the plant matures. From the result above buckwheat was mature in 11 weeks. The later buckwheat is planted, the faster it will mature. Therefore, speed of maturity depends on the planting date. Grain yield of buckwheat under different sowing date were highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) highest grain yield for both Varieties planted in mid July and late July with the lowest grain yield observed for both Varieties planted in the late August with the mean value of 14.40ku/ha. The result clearly indicates that foraging intensity of honey bees at different flowering stage of the buck wheat has been significantly different at first week flowering and second week of flowering stage with mean value of 36 and 31 bees/m2/10min. The intensive visitation of honey bees with the mean value of 22 bees/m2/10min and 13 bees/m2/10min at early in the morning (08:30-08:40 am) and (04:30-04:40 am) has been observed respectively.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth, Yield and Honey Bee Foraging Intensity of Buck Wheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at Bako Agricultural Research Center
AU  - Tusa Gemechu
AU  - Amsalu Arega
Y1  - 2018/01/31
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11
T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3762
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20180301.11
AB  - The flexibility and wide adaptation of buck wheat recently led it to be grown on different agro ecology, even though it is not native to our country. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of sowing date on growth, yield and honey bee foraging intensity of buckwheat at Bako Agriculture Research Center. There were 5 treatments with the first treatment sown on July, 15 having 10 days different between each treatments with three replications laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experimental result showed that there was significance difference White seeded Variety (V2) of buckwheat having 37 days stay with flowering which is planted in the Mid July and early August with the mean value of about 31 days with extended flowering period and proceeds prolifically for about a month before gradually tapering off as the plant matures. From the result above buckwheat was mature in 11 weeks. The later buckwheat is planted, the faster it will mature. Therefore, speed of maturity depends on the planting date. Grain yield of buckwheat under different sowing date were highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) highest grain yield for both Varieties planted in mid July and late July with the lowest grain yield observed for both Varieties planted in the late August with the mean value of 14.40ku/ha. The result clearly indicates that foraging intensity of honey bees at different flowering stage of the buck wheat has been significantly different at first week flowering and second week of flowering stage with mean value of 36 and 31 bees/m2/10min. The intensive visitation of honey bees with the mean value of 22 bees/m2/10min and 13 bees/m2/10min at early in the morning (08:30-08:40 am) and (04:30-04:40 am) has been observed respectively.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download